System Notes 7G01 Main Last revision: August 25, 2019 |
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Latest revisions: 8-25-19 #524 (if 2 N response to weak two doubled); #601 (showing natural enemy suit after our overcall); #972 (Case 2: SP only if leader wins trick, no matter card led)
Strength requirements, unless specifically stated as HCP, are presumed to be HCP for natural notrump bids, or total points (distributional values included) for all other bids.
Unusual treatments are denoted with a bullet. Abbreviations used:
F AF DJ NF I GF ST | forcing artificial force double jump nonforcing invitational game forcing slam try | 1 |
Basic approach is five-card majors, strong notrumps and weak two-bids. When opening a minor with 3-3, bid the stronger unless the difference is close, then 1 ; similarly with 4-4, although rebid considerations may be a factor.
1 ![]() ![]() 1 ![]() ![]() 1 N 2 ![]() 2 ![]() ![]() ![]() 2 N 3+ suit 3 N 4 N 5 N | | 13-22, 3+ cards 13-22, 5+ cards 15-17, balanced 23+, AF 5-10 HCP, weak two-bid 20-22, balanced weak ace ask, good 1-suiter, 9+ tricks, F minors, extreme shape | 11 |
System Notes 7G01 Main | ![]() | Top Pavlicek System |
An opening bid of 1 N shows 15-17 HCP and balanced distribution. Hands with a 5 card major or off-shape pattern are acceptable if each doubleton contains an ace, king or queen, or per judgment.
1 N | P | ? | 21 |
2 ![]() 2 ![]() ![]() 2 ![]() 2 N 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() 4 ![]() 4 ![]() ![]() | | Stayman Jacoby transfer minor-suit Stayman minor-suit transfer 5-5 majors splinter, 3-suited ST sign-off Gerber Texas transfer |
An opening bid of 2 N shows 20-22 HCP, similar in nature to 1 N.
2 N | P | ? | 22 |
3 ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() Higher | Stayman Jacoby transfer minor-suit Stayman same as above |
After a 1 N or 2 N opening the cheapest club bid is Stayman. No HCP are promised, nor is the presence of a major suit.
1 N ? | P | 2 ![]() | P | analogous for 2 N opening | 31 |
2 ![]() 2 ![]() 2 ![]() | no 4+ card major 4+ hearts, may have 4 spades 4+ spades, denies 4 hearts |
1 N 2 ![]() | P P | 2 ![]() ? | P | 32 |
2 ![]() 2 ![]() 2 N 3 ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() Any game 4 ![]() ![]() | | weak, at least 4-4 majors or 3=4=1=5 sign-off does not imply major, I 5+ cards, GF 5+ spades, 4 hearts, GF 5+ hearts, 4 spades, GF sign-off splinter, 3-suited ST |
Note that Gerber and transfer bids do not apply immediately after Stayman.
2 N 3 ![]() | P P | 3 ![]() ? | P | 33 |
3 ![]() 3 ![]() Any game 4 ![]() ![]() | | 5+ spades, 4+ hearts, GF 5+ hearts, 4 spades, GF sign-off 5+ cards, ST |
1 N 2 ![]() | P P | 2 ![]() ? | P | analogous for 2 | 34 |
2 ![]() 2 N 3 ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() ![]() 4 ![]() ![]() ![]() | | 4 spades (checkback), F no interest in spades, I 5+ cards, 4 spades, GF agrees hearts, ST 4 spades, game sign-off splinter, ST sign-off |
2 N 3 ![]() | P P | 3 ![]() ? | P | 35 |
3 ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() ![]() 4 ![]() ![]() ![]() | | agrees hearts, ST 4 spades, game sign-off 5+ cards, ST sign-off |
2 N 3 ![]() ? | P P | 3 ![]() 4 ![]() | P P | analogous for 4 | 36 |
4 ![]() 4 ![]() 4 ![]() 4 N 5 ![]() | | strength, 3+ clubs 4-4 majors super Gerber no club fit or wrong cards, NF 3+ clubs, discourages slam |
*then 4 (NF) confirms a 4-4 fit
2 N 3 ![]() | P P | 3 ![]() ? | P | 37 |
3 N 4 ![]() ![]() 4 ![]() 4 ![]() ![]() ![]() | | 4 hearts, game sign-off 5+ cards, ST agrees spades, ST sign-off |
1 N 2 ![]() 3 N | P P P | 2 ![]() 3 ![]() ? | P P | 38 |
4 ![]() ![]() 4 ![]() | 3 cards, ST transfer to 4 ![]() |
1 N 2 ![]() 3 N | P P P | 2 ![]() 3 ![]() ? | P P | 39 |
4 ![]() 4 ![]() | 3 cards, ST transfer to 4 ![]() |
2 N 3 ![]() 3 N | P P P | 3 ![]() 3 ![]() ? | P P | 40 |
4 ![]() 4 ![]() 4 ![]() | 3 cards, ST transfer to 4 ![]() transfer to 4 ![]() |
2 N 3 ![]() 3 N | P P P | 3 ![]() 3 ![]() ? | P P | 41 |
4 ![]() 4 ![]() | 3 cards, ST transfer to 4 ![]() |
1 N ? | P | 2 ![]() | X | analogous for 2 N opening | 42 |
Rdbl Pass 2 ![]() 2 ![]() ![]() | 4+ strong clubs 4 clubs, no major 4+ diamonds, no major unchanged |
After Stayman is doubled, responder may pass, redouble or bid 2 to play; else rebid normally, except 3
(GF) shows a stiff or worthless doubleton.
If either opponents bids, all doubles by opener or responder are penalty.
After a 1 N or 2 N opening the cheapest diamond bid shows at least 5 hearts, and the cheapest heart bid shows at least 5 spades. Opener typically completes the transfer by bidding the shown major.
1 N 2 ![]() | P P | 2 ![]() ? | P | 51 |
2 ![]() 2 N 3 ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() 3 N 3 ![]() 4 ![]() ![]() 4 ![]() | | 5-5 majors, I (NF) 5 hearts, I 4+ cards, GF 6+ hearts (rare 5), I 5 hearts (rare 6), choice of game agrees hearts, ST self-splinter, agrees hearts, ST agrees hearts, slam I (NF) |
1 N 2 ![]() | P P | 2 ![]() ? | P | 52 |
3 ![]() 4 ![]() ![]() ![]() Other | | agrees spades, ST self-splinter, agrees spades, ST analogous to above |
2 N 3 ![]() | P P | 3 ![]() ? | P | 53 |
3 ![]() 4 ![]() ![]() 4 ![]() 3 N | | agrees hearts, ST 4+ cards, ST agrees hearts, slam I (NF) 5 hearts (rare 6), choice of game |
2 N 3 ![]() | P P | 3 ![]() ? | P | 54 |
4 ![]() Other | | agrees spades, ST analogous to above |
Note that responders rebid of 3 or 4 in the unshown major artificially agrees the major shown, not only after Jacoby but also after Stayman.
1 N 2 ![]() ? | P P | 2 ![]() 3 ![]() | P P | analogous for all major-minor 2-suiters | 55 |
3 ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() ![]() 4 ![]() | strength, implies club fit heart fit no fit or wrong cards good fit, right cards super Gerber |
*not a shown suit for super Gerber rule
2 N 3 ![]() ? | P P | 3 ![]() 4 ![]() | P P | analogous for all major-minor 2-suiters | 56 |
4 ![]() 4 ![]() 4 ![]() 4 N | strength, implies club fit heart fit super Gerber no fit or wrong cards |
1 N 2 ![]() 3 ![]() | P P P | 2 ![]() 3 ![]() ? | P P | analogous for similar sequences | 57 |
3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() ![]() 4 ![]() 4 ![]() 4 ![]() | 6+ hearts or strong 5 ace or shortness no slam interest, NF 5-5, GF ace or king super Gerber |
Note that if responder bids a suit he has not shown it is super Gerber if 4 of the other major, ace or king if opener showed strength, else ace or shortness.
2 N 3 ![]() 4 ![]() | P P P | 3 ![]() 4 ![]() ? | P P | analogous for similar sequences | 58 |
4 ![]() ![]() 4 ![]() 4 N | no slam interest, NF super Gerber natural, NF |
Opener may jump in responders major to show an exceptional fit and maximum values, typically a hand that revalues to greater than the indicated range. The meaning of responders rebids are then changed:
1 N 3 ![]() | P P | 2 ![]() ? | P | 59 |
3 ![]() ![]() ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() 4 N | | self-splinter, ST no splinter, ST (F) sign-off Blackwood |
2 N 4 ![]() | P P | 3 ![]() ? | P | 60 |
4 ![]() ![]() ![]() 4 N 5 ![]() | ace or void, ST Blackwood no ace or void, slam I |
If an opponent interferes after the transfer, rebids are adjusted to obtain a penalty or put the active opponent on lead. Same principles apply after a 2 N opening.
1 N ? | P | 2 ![]() | X | analogous for 2 | 61 |
Pass Rdbl 2 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() | normal action 4+ strong diamonds, suggests to play fit, happy with diamond lead normal bypass bypass, happy with diamond lead |
1 N P | P P | 2 ![]() ? | X | analogous for 2 | 62 |
Rdbl 2 ![]() 3 ![]() Other | penalty suggestion, opener pulls w/fit sign-off singleton or worthless doubleton, GF unchanged |
1 N ? | P | 2 ![]() | 2 ![]() | analogous for spade transfer | 63 |
Pass Dbl 3 ![]() 3 ![]() | normal action penalty good heart fit to put bidder on lead good fit, happy with spade lead |
1 N P | P P | 2 ![]() ? | 2 ![]() | analogous for spade transfer | 64 |
Dbl 3 ![]() Other | optional, I+, opener pulls w/fit self-splinter, agrees hearts, GF unchanged |
If responder rebids in notrump offering a choice of strain, opener may bid:
Suit below major to transfer declaration | 65 |
After a 1 N or 2 N opening the cheapest spade bid shows both minor suits. Only 4-4 is required with slam interest, but otherwise at least 5-4 (either way). Over 1 N strength is game invitational or better; over 2 N it is game forcing.
1 N ? | P | 2 ![]() | P | 71 |
2 N 3 ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() ![]() | minimum, NF strength in suit, GF maximum, NF maximum, pure values, GF |
1 N 2 N | P P | 2 ![]() ? | P | 72 |
3 ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() ![]() | 5+ cards, NF shortness, GF sign-off 5+ cards, ST |
1 N 3 ![]() | P P | 2 ![]() ? | P | analogous for 3 | 73 |
3 ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() | 5+ cards, GF shortness, GF choice of game, NF at least 5-5, I |
1 N 3 ![]() | P P | 2 ![]() ? | P | analogous for 3 | 74 |
3 ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() ![]() 4 ![]() | shortness, ST sign-off 5+ cards, F (may be original I) 3 hearts, suggestion to play, NF |
1 N 3 N | P P | 2 ![]() ? | P | 75 |
4 ![]() ![]() 4 ![]() | | 5+ cards, ST at least 5-5, ST |
2 N ? | P | 3 ![]() | P | 76 |
3 N 4 ![]() ![]() 4 ![]() | | no fit or wrong values that minor fit no 4 card fit, good values |
2 N 3 N | P P | 3 ![]() ? | P | 77 |
4 ![]() ![]() 4 ![]() | | 5+ cards, ST at least 5-5, ST |
2 N 4 ![]() | P P | 3 ![]() ? | P | analogous for 4 | 78 |
4 ![]() 4 ![]() 5 ![]() | | 5+ diamonds, ST at least 5-5, ST slam remote, NF |
After a 1 N opening, a response of 2 N shows 5+ clubs, and 3 shows 5+ diamonds. No strength is promised (may be a bust). Responder should not have a second suit if he plans to bid again. Opener almost always completes the transfer but may gamble 3 N with an exceptional fit and stoppers. This does not apply over 2 N.
1 N 3 ![]() | P P | 2 N ? | P | 81 |
3 ![]() ![]() ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() 5 ![]() | self-splinter, agrees clubs, ST mild ST (NF) shapely, I shapely, slam remote, NF |
Note that to invite game in notrump it is necessary to use Stayman and rebid 2 N.
1 N 3 ![]() | P P | 3 ![]() ? | P | 82 |
3 ![]() ![]() ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() 5 ![]() | self-splinter, agrees diamonds, ST mild ST, NF shapely, I shapely, slam remote, NF |
Note that all suit rebids by responder confirm 6+ cards in his minor; notrump rebids can be 5-3-3-2.
Interference after the transfer should be handled like Jacoby transfer interference.
After a 1 N opening, a response of 3 shows at least 5-5 in the majors and GF values. This does not apply over 2 N.
1 N ? | P | 3 ![]() | P | 91 |
3 ![]() ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() ![]() | | better fit, normal action extreme minor strength, NF great fit, both minor aces |
1 N 3 ![]() | P P | 3 ![]() ? | P | analogous for 3 | 92 |
3 ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() ![]() 4 ![]() | | two singletons, ST honors in short suits, NF shortness, ST sign-off |
1 N 3 N | P P | 3 ![]() ? | P | 93 |
4 ![]() ![]() 4 ![]() 4 ![]() | shortness, ST no slam interest, NF, correctable sign-off |
1 N ? | P | 3 ![]() | X | 94 |
Pass Rdbl Other | no diamond control 5+ strong diamonds, suggest to play unchanged |
After a 1 N opening, a response of 3 or 3
shows a 3-suited hand (4-4-4-1 or 5-4-4-0) short in the major bid with interest in slam. This does not apply over 2 N.
1 N ? | P | 3 ![]() | P | 101 |
3 ![]() ![]() ![]() 3 N | fit-showing no fit or wrong values |
1 N ? | P | 3 ![]() | P | 102 |
3 N 4 ![]() ![]() 4 ![]() 4 ![]() | no fit or wrong values fit-showing heart fit, discouraging slam heart fit, good hand |
1 N 3 ![]() | P P | 3 ![]() ? | P | 103 |
3 N 4 ![]() ![]() 4 ![]() 4 ![]() | blank honor, NF control void minimal ST (NF) |
1 N 3 N | P P | 3 ![]() ? | P | analogous for 3 | 104 |
4 ![]() ![]() 4 ![]() 4 ![]() | 5 cards super Gerber 5 spades, NF |
1 N 4 ![]() | P P | 3 ![]() ? | P | analogous for 3 | 105 |
4 ![]() ![]() 4 ![]() 5 ![]() | control super Gerber minimal ST (NF) |
1 N ? | P | 3 ![]() | X | analogous for 3 | 106 |
Pass Rdbl Other | no 4+ fit, doubts about 3 N 4+ strong hearts, desire to play unchanged |
After a 1 N or 2 N opening a jump to 4 shows 6+ hearts, and a jump to 4
shows 6+ spades. Opener must complete the transfer, and responder usually passes. If responder does bid again:
1 N 4 ![]() | P P | 4 ![]() ? | P | analogous for spade transfer | 111 |
4 ![]() ![]() ![]() 4 N 5 ![]() | void, ST Blackwood freak shape, I |
1 N ? | P | 4 ![]() | X | analogous for 4 | 112 |
Pass Rdbl 4 ![]() | normal action to put doubler on lead diamond ace happy with diamond lead |
Note that a redouble beyond 3 N is not a suggestion to play but indicates control.
If an opponent doubles our 1 N opening there is one addition:
1 N | X | ? | 121 |
Rdbl Other | rescue with one minor* unchanged |
*Opener bids 2 then responder passes or corrects.
If an opponent overcalls in a natural suit (4+ cards in suit bid) the general scheme is that responses of 2 N through 3 are transfers to the next higher suit or Stayman if the next higher suit was bid by the opponent. Texas also applies unless the major above was bid by the opponent, then it shows shortness with slam interest.
1 N | 2 ![]() | ? | analogous for natural 2 | 122 |
Dbl 2 ![]() 2 N 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() 4 ![]() 4 ![]() 4 ![]() | | penalty, creates force 5+ spades, weak, NF 5+ clubs 5+ diamonds Stayman 5+ spades, I+ asks for heart stopper sign-off Gerber heart shortness, ST Texas |
If the natural overcall shows a second suit:
1 N | 2 ![]() | ? | 1. diamonds + hearts | 123 |
2 shown Other | takeout, may be just competitive analogous to above |
Only the actual bid that you can double for penalty qualifies for the Stayman or shortness treatment above.
1 N | 3 ![]() | ? | analogous for 3 | 124 |
Dbl 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() 4 ![]() 4 ![]() ![]() | | negative 5+ hearts 5+ spades asks for club stopper sign-off Gerber Texas |
1 N | 3 ![]() | ? | 125 |
Dbl 3 ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() 4 ![]() 4 ![]() 4 ![]() | | negative asks for heart stopper sign-off Gerber heart shortness, ST Texas |
To show a minor on the previous two auctions, responder can bid 3 (stopper ask) then his minor (GF). The stopper information may also be helpful in judging slam prospects.
1 N | 3 ![]() | ? | 126 |
Dbl 3 N 4 ![]() 4 ![]() 4 ![]() | | negative sign-off Gerber Texas spade shortness, ST |
1 N | 4 ![]() | ? | analogous for 4 | 127 |
Dbl 4 ![]() 4 ![]() ![]() | negative diamonds, F natural, NF |
Note transfers are off for interference beyond 3 N.
1 N ? | 2 ![]() | 3 ![]() | P | analogous for other transfers | 128 |
3 ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() | normal action max, good spade stopper max, good heart fit |
1 N ? | 2 ![]() | 3 ![]() | P | analogous for other Stayman bids | 129 |
3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() | no heart stopper, not 4 spades 4+ spades, min if only unshown major heart stopper, not 4 spades 4+ spades, max |
*disallowed if both majors unshown
If opener denies a stopper, followups are natural, and bidding can end in 4 or 4
. Cue of enemy suit by either asks choice of minors (or remaining suits).
1 N ? | 2 ![]() | 3 ![]() | P | analogous for other stopper asks | 130 |
3 N 4 suit Cue 4 N | heart stopper 4+ cards, no stopper, NF max, no stopper, highest + other suit max, no stopper, two lowest suits |
If an opponent overcalls artificially (not 4+ cards in suit bid) the following structures apply:
1 N | 2 ![]() | ? | analogous for any artificial 2-bid | 131 |
Dbl 2 shown 2 unshown 2 N 3 ![]() ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() 4 ![]() ![]() | | 8+ HCP, creates force takeout, may be just competitive 5+ cards, NF 5+ cards in next higher suit asks for stopper in shown suit(s) sign-off Gerber Texas |
After an artificial overcall note that transferring to a shown suit is the same as any other.
1 N | 2 N1 | ? | 1. minors | 132 |
3 ![]() Other | Stayman same as above |
1 N | 3 ![]() | ? | 1. majors | 133 |
3 ![]() Other | minors, may be just competitive same as above |
Note that 4 by responder is always Gerber (jump or not) after interference.
After our 2 N opening, the same structures apply insofar as possible; i.e., 2 level bids are eliminated, and higher bids keep their meaning.
System Notes 7G01 Main | ![]() | Top Pavlicek System |
General strategy is to respond up-the-line with 4-4 majors. A 5 card minor may be suppressed to bid a 4 card major at the 1 level, but with good hands tend to bid in natural order unless greatly biased by strength.
1 ![]() | P | ? | 141 |
1 ![]() ![]() ![]() 1 N 2 ![]() 2 ![]() ![]() ![]() 2 N 3+ any suit 3 N | 6+, 4+ cards 6-10, no 4 card major 11+, 4+ clubs, F weak 15+, balanced weak 13-14, balanced |
1 ![]() | P | ? | 142 |
2 ![]() 2 ![]() Other | 11+, 5+ clubs 11+, 4+ diamonds same as above |
1 ![]() | P | ? | 143 |
1 ![]() 1 N 2 ![]() ![]() 2 ![]() 2 ![]() ![]() ![]() 2 N 3 ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() ![]() 3 N Higher suit | 6+, 4+ spades 6-14, F 13+, 5+ cards 7-10, 3+ hearts weak 15+, balanced 11-12, 4+ hearts 13+, splinter 13-15, 4+ hearts, no splinter, F weak |
1 ![]() | P | ? | 144 |
2 ![]() 2 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() Other | 13+, 5+ cards 7-10, 3+ spades weak 11-12, 4+ spades 13-15, 4+ spades, no splinter, F 13+, splinter same as above |
1 ![]() ? | P | 1 ![]() | P | 151 |
1 ![]() ![]() 1 N* 2 ![]() 2 ![]() 2 ![]() ![]() 2 N* 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() 4 ![]() | | 13-18, 4+ cards 12-14, balanced 13-15, 6+ clubs (rare 5) 13-15, 4 diamonds 19+, 4+ cards (rare 3), GF 18-19, balanced, I 16-18, 6+ clubs, I 16-18, 4+ diamonds, I 19+, splinter 16+, 6+ strong clubs 19+, 6+ clubs, 4 diamonds 19+, 6+ clubs, 5 diamonds |
*preferable to 1 or 1
with both majors stopped
1 ![]() ? | P | 1 ![]() | P | analogous for other minor-major starts | 152 |
1 ![]() 1 N 2 ![]() 2 ![]() 2 ![]() 2 ![]() 2 N 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() 4 ![]() | | 13-18, 4+ spades 12-14, balanced, not 4 spades 13-15, 6+ clubs (rare 5) 17+, 4+ diamonds (rare 3), F 13-15, 3+ hearts (usually 4) 19+, 4+ cards (rare 3), GF 18-19, balanced, I 16-18, 6+ clubs, I 19+, 6+ clubs, 4+ diamonds, GF 16-18, 4 hearts, I 19+, splinter 16+, 6+ strong clubs 19+, 6+ clubs, 4 hearts, F 19+, 4 hearts, no splinter |
1 ![]() ? | P | 1 ![]() | P | 153 |
1 N 2 ![]() ![]() 2 ![]() 2 ![]() 2 N 3 ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() ![]() 4 ![]() 4 ![]() | 12-14, balanced 13-18, 4+ cards 13-15, 6+ hearts 13-15, 3+ spades (usually 4) 18-19, balanced, I 19, 4+ cards (rare 3), GF 16-18, 6+ hearts, I 16-18, 4 spades, I 16+, 6+ strong hearts 19+, splinter 19+, 6+ hearts 19+, 4 spades, no splinter |
After a 1-level suit response and openers nonjump, non-reverse rebid, all jumps and raises to three of a minor are GF. Responder usually must bid a new suit (third or fourth) to effect an invitation.
1 ![]() 1 ![]() | P P | 1 ![]() ? | P | 161 |
1 N 2 ![]() ![]() ![]() 2 ![]() 2 N 3 ![]() ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() ![]() 4 ![]() ![]() | 6-10, NF 11+, AF 13+, GF 5+ diamonds, 5+ hearts, GF sign-off attempt splinter, ST |
1 ![]() 1 ![]() | P P | 1 ![]() ? | P | 162 |
1 ![]() 2 ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() Other | 6-10 with 4 spades or 11+, AF 4 spades, 6+ diamonds, GF splinter, ST analogous to above |
1 ![]() 2 ![]() | P P | 1 ![]() ? | P | 163 |
2 ![]() ![]() 2 ![]() 2 N 3 ![]() ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() 3 N | | 6-10, NF 11+, AF 10-12, I 13+, GF 5+ hearts, 5+ spades, GF 13-16 |
1 ![]() 2 ![]() | P P | 1 ![]() ? | P | 164 |
2 ![]() 2 ![]() ![]() 2 N 3 ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 N | | 6-10, NF 11+, semi-natural, F 10-12, I 13+, GF 5+ diamonds, 5+ hearts, GF 4 spades, 6+ hearts, GF 13-16 |
1 ![]() 2 ![]() | P P | 1 ![]() ? | P | 165 |
2 ![]() ![]() 2 N 3 ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() ![]() 3 N | | 6-10, NF 10-12, I 11+, AF 13+, GF 13-16 |
1 ![]() 2 ![]() | P P | 1 ![]() ? | P | 166 |
2 ![]() 2 N 3 ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 N | 6-10, NF 10-12, I 11+, semi-natural, F I 13+, GF 13-16 |
After a third- or fourth-suit force, opener should describe his hand as naturally as possible. Bidding at or below 2 N (except new suit, or 2 after 1
rebid) or the same suit three times explicitly rejects an invitation and is NF. Other non-jumps are ambiguous strength (F); jumps are GF.
1 ![]() 1 ![]() ? | P P | 1 ![]() 2 ![]() | P P | 171 |
2 ![]() ![]() 2 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() | | reject, NF 4 good/decent spades, ambiguous, F 4 clubs, ambiguous, F accept 5 spades, 6+ diamonds, GF |
*undesirable to bid notrump; could be 5-6 bare minimum
1 ![]() 2 ![]() ? | P P | 1 ![]() 2 ![]() | P P | 172 |
2 N 3 ![]() ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() 3 N | reject, NF ambiguous, F ace*, GF accept |
*because 4 spades were denied (else would show 4)
1 ![]() 2 ![]() ? | P P | 1 ![]() 2 ![]() | P P | 173 |
2 ![]() 2 ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() | 4 hearts or ace, ambiguous, F reject, NF 4 diamonds, ambiguous, F accept |
1 ![]() 2 ![]() ? | P P | 1 ![]() 3 ![]() | P P | 174 |
3 ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() 3 N | reject, NF ambiguous, F ace, F accept |
1 ![]() 1 ![]() ? | P P | 1 ![]() 1 ![]() | P P | 175 |
Nonjump Jump | 13-15, NF 16-18, I |
1 ![]() 2 ![]() ? | P P | 1 ![]() 3 ![]() | P P | 176 |
3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() | | reject, not 3 spades, NF accept ambiguous, F |
*does not show 5+ diamonds
If opener bids the same suit consecutively, or a third suit below his rebid first suit, it is nonforcing.
1 ![]() 2 ![]() ? | P P | 1 ![]() 2 N | P P | analogous for 1 | 177 |
3 ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() | natural, NF natural, F strength (short clubs), F |
1 ![]() 2 ![]() ? | P P | 1 ![]() 2 N | P P | analogous for 1 | 178 |
3 ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() | | natural, NF natural, F AF, 5-5 minors |
1 ![]() 2 ![]() ? | P P | 1 ![]() 2 N | P P | 179 |
3 ![]() ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() | natural, NF natural, F |
1 ![]() 2 ![]() ? | P P | 1 ![]() 2 N | P P | 180 |
3 ![]() ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() | natural, F natural, NF |
After a third- or fourth-suit force, responder need not bid again if openers third bid was a rejection. If responder does bid again, he names the final strain; if this is a nonjump below game, he shows invitational values. Any jump bid below game is forcing.
If opener raises the third or fourth suit, or shows a preference for responders first suit, this does not determine the final strain but merely describes openers hand. It is still responders duty to bid the final strain next.
Rebidding the third or fourth suit shows at least 5-5 shape; invitational at 3 level, unless opener showed a preference for responders first suit then GF; GF at 4 level.
When opener rebids 1 N, responders rebids follow a similar structure but substituting new minor forcing for the previous third-suit force. All jumps are GF.
1 ![]() 1 N | P P | 1 ![]() ? | P | analogous for 1 | 201 |
2 ![]() ![]() 2 ![]() 2 ![]() 2 N 3 ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() 4 ![]() | | 6-10, NF 11+, AF 13+, 4 spades, 5+ hearts, GF 11-12, I 13+, GF 13+, at least 5-5, GF self-splinter, agrees hearts, ST sign-off super Gerber |
1 ![]() 1 N | P P | 1 ![]() ? | P | analogous for 1 | 202 |
2 ![]() 2 ![]() ![]() ![]() 2 N 3 ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() 4 ![]() ![]() 4 ![]() | | 11+, AF 6-10, NF 11-12, I 13+, at least 5-5, GF 13+, GF sign-off self-splinter, agrees spades, ST super Gerber |
1 ![]() 1 N | P P | 1 ![]() ? | P | 203 |
2 ![]() 2 ![]() 2 ![]() ![]() 2 N 3 ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() | | 11+, AF 6-10, NF 4 cards, 5+ diamonds, GF 11-12, I 13+, GF self-splinter, agrees diamonds, ST sign-off super Gerber |
*no sign-off in clubs on this auction
1 ![]() 1 N | P P | 1 ![]() ? | P | 204 |
2 ![]() ![]() 2 ![]() ![]() 2 N 3 ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() ![]() 4 ![]() ![]() | | 11+, seminatural, F 6-10, NF 11-12, I 13+, at least 5-5, GF 13+, GF sign-off self-splinter, agrees spades, ST |
1 ![]() 1 N ? | P P | 1 ![]() 2 ![]() | P P | 205 |
2 ![]() 2 ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() | reject ace*, ambiguous ambiguous accept |
*because 4 spades denied
1 ![]() 1 N ? | P P | 1 ![]() 2 ![]() | P P | 206 |
2 ![]() ![]() 2 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() | reject 4 hearts, ambiguous 4 clubs, ambiguous accept |
*priority bid if also holding 3 spades
1 ![]() 1 N ? | P P | 1 ![]() 2 ![]() | P P | 207 |
2 ![]() 2 ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() | reject 4 cards, ambiguous 5 clubs, ambiguous accept |
1 ![]() 1 N ? | P P | 1 ![]() 2 ![]() | P P | 208 |
2 ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() | reject ambiguous accept |
In the previous four auctions, bidding a minor suit at the 3 level implies a weak holding in the unbid suit, hence warning against notrump.
After new minor forcing, responder need not bid again if openers third bid was a rejection. If responder does bid again, he names the final strain; if this is a nonjump below game, he shows an invitational-range hand. Any jump bid below game is forcing.
If opener raises the new minor or shows a preference for responders first suit, this does not determine the final strain but merely describes openers hand. It is still responders duty to bid the final strain next.
Rebidding the new minor shows at least 5-5 shape; invitational at 3 level; GF at 4 level.
When opener jumps to 2 N (18-19) after a 1-level suit response, the only way to stop below game is to pass; i.e., all continuations are GF. General structure is to use new minor forcing on game-only hands, so other bids can be used to suggest slam.
1 ![]() 2 N | P P | 1 ![]() ? | P | 211 |
3 ![]() ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() 4 ![]() ![]() 4 ![]() | | natural, ST AF, checkback sign-off self-splinter, agrees hearts, ST super Gerber |
1 ![]() 2 N | P P | 1 ![]() ? | P | 212 |
3 ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() 4 ![]() ![]() 4 ![]() | | AF, checkback natural, ST sign-off self-splinter, agrees spades, ST super Gerber |
1 ![]() 2 N | P P | 1 ![]() ? | P | 213 |
3 ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() ![]() 4 ![]() | | AF, checkback natural, ST sign-off self-splinter, agrees diamonds, ST super Gerber |
*if followed by 4 is natural ST
1 ![]() 2 N | P P | 1 ![]() ? | P | 214 |
3 ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() ![]() 4 ![]() ![]() | | seminatural, checkback natural, ST sign-off self-splinter, agrees spades, ST |
*if followed by 4 or 4
is 5-5 ST
If responder has both majors and no slam interest, he must go through new minor forcing even with 5-5 shape.
1 ![]() 2 N 3 N | P P P | 1 ![]() 3 ![]() ? | P P | 215 |
4 ![]() ![]() 4 ![]() 4 ![]() | | natural, no slam interest at least 5-5, ST 5-5 in majors, no slam interest |
After a 1 or 1
opening, a 1 N response shows 6-10 HCP, and 3 N shows 13-14 HCP. Both show balanced hands (except 1 N over 1
necessitated by long clubs) and no 4 card major, but may have one if flat (4-3-3-3) with the other unbid suits stopped.
1 ![]() ? | P | 1 N | P | analogous for 1 | 221 |
Pass 2 ![]() 2 ![]() 2 ![]() ![]() 2 N 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() 3 N | | most common 13-18, NF 13-15, NF 17+, 4+ cards (rare 3), F 16-18, I 19+, 4+ clubs (rare 3), GF 4+ cards, 6+ diamonds, GF sign-off |
1 ![]() ? | P | 3 N | P | analogous for 1 | 222 |
Pass 4 ![]() ![]() ![]() 4 ![]() | most common natural, ST, F super Gerber |
See also Two Notrump Response which is the same over a minor or major.
After a 1 or 1
opening, a response of 1 N shows 6-14 HCP (rarely less with a fit) and denies 4 spades after 1
. Obviously it is forcing.
1 ![]() ? | P | 1 N | P | 231 |
2 ![]() ![]() 2 ![]() 2 ![]() 2 N 3 ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() ![]() 4 ![]() | | 13-18, 3+ cards, NF 13-15, 6+ hearts, NF 17+ with 6+ hearts else 19+, F 16-18, I 19+, 4+ cards (rare 3), GF 16-18, 6+ hearts, I 4+ spades, 6+ hearts, GF 19+, NF 19+, splinter, 6+ hearts 19+, 6+ hearts |
1 ![]() ? | P | 1 N | P | 232 |
2 ![]() 2 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 4 ![]() Other | 13-18, 4+ hearts, NF 13-15, 6+ spades, NF 19+, 4+ hearts, GF 16-18, 6+ spades, I 16-18, at least 5-5, NF same as above |
1 ![]() 2 ![]() | P P | 1 N ? | P | 233 |
2 ![]() 2 ![]() 2 ![]() 2 N 3 ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() 4 ![]() 4 ![]() | | 6-10, 6+ diamonds (rare 5), NF 6-10 with 2 hearts or 4-7 w/3+, NF 11+, agrees clubs 11-12, I 10-12, 5+ clubs (rare 4), NF 13+, club raise, values in bid, F 11-12, 3 hearts, I 13-14, NF 10-12, 6+ clubs, I 13+, heart raise, diamond values 13+, 3 hearts, NF |
1 ![]() 2 ![]() | P P | 1 N ? | P | 234 |
2 ![]() 2 ![]() 2 N 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() ![]() 4 ![]() 4 ![]() | | 6-10, 5+ hearts, NF 6-10 with 2 spades or 4-7 w/3+, NF 11-12, I 6-10, 6+ clubs, NF 10-12, 5+ diamonds (rare 4), I 13+, diamond raise, heart values 11-12, 3 spades, I 13-14, NF 13+, spade raise, values in bid 10-12, 6+ diamonds, I 13+, 3 spades, NF |
1 ![]() 2 ![]() | P P | 1 N ? | P | 235 |
2 ![]() 2 N 3 ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() ![]() 4 ![]() 4 ![]() | | 6-10 with 2 spades or 4-7 w/3+, NF 11-12, I 6-10, 6+ cards, NF 9-11, 4+ hearts, I 11-12, 3 spades, I 13-14, NF 13+, heart raise, values in bid 12+, 4+ hearts, NF 13+, 3 spades, NF |
Note that responders jump shifts always show support for openers second suit, unless beyond 3 N when second suit is a minor, then openers first suit. Value jumps (not splinters) are used because if responder has a splinter it is almost always in openers original major.
1 ![]() 2 ![]() | P P | 1 N ? | P | 236 |
2 ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() 4 ![]() Other | | 8+, at least 5-5 minors, F 13+, heart raise, values in bid, GF 11-12, 2 hearts, I 13+ with 2 hearts or 11+ w/3+ same as above |
*limit bidding follows
1 ![]() 2 ![]() | P P | 1 N ? | P | 237 |
2 N 3 ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() ![]() 4 ![]() | | weak or waiting, F 6+ cards, F 10+, 3 cards, GF 10-12, NF 11+, heart raise, values in bid 8-10, NF |
1 ![]() 2 N | P P | 1 N ? | P | 238 |
3 ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 4 ![]() ![]() | | weak, 6+ cards (rare 5), NF weak, sign-off attempt at least 5-5 minors, GF 11+, heart raise, values in bid |
1 ![]() 2 N | P P | 1 N ? | P | 239 |
3 ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 4 ![]() ![]() ![]() | | weak, 6+ cards, NF 5+ cards, F weak, sign-off attempt 11+, spade raise, values in suit bid |
1 ![]() 3 ![]() | P P | 1 N ? | P | 240 |
3 ![]() 4 ![]() ![]() | | at least 5-5 minors, GF 6+ cards, F |
1 ![]() 3 ![]() | P P | 1 N ? | P | 241 |
4 ![]() ![]() 4 ![]() | 6+ cards, F 6+ hearts, NF |
1 ![]() 3 ![]() | P P | 1 N ? | P | 242 |
3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 4 ![]() 4 ![]() 4 ![]() | | 5+ diamonds weak or waiting, 2+ hearts 11+, club raise 6-10, 4+ clubs 11+, heart raise, diamond values 11-12, 3 hearts |
1 ![]() 3 ![]() | P P | 1 N ? | P | 243 |
3 ![]() 3 ![]() 4 ![]() 4 ![]() 4 ![]() 4 ![]() | | 5+ hearts weak or waiting, 2+ spades 6+ clubs 4+ diamonds 11+, spade raise, heart values 11-12, 3 spades |
1 ![]() 3 ![]() | P P | 1 N ? | P | 244 |
3 ![]() 4 ![]() ![]() 4 ![]() 4 ![]() | weak or waiting, 2+ spades 6+ cards, F 4+ hearts (rare 3) 11-12, 3 spades |
After a 1 or 1
opening, a 2-over-1 response shows 5+ cards (rarely strong 4 card minor) and 13+ points, or 6+ cards with 11-12 points. This is GF unless responder rebids his suit next, then invitational. Opener rebids naturally, with no extra strength required for any nonjump bid. Jumps in unbid suits are always splinters: raises if below 4 of responders suit, self-splinters if above.
1 ![]() ? | P | 2 ![]() | P | analogous for other major-minor starts | 251 |
2 ![]() ![]() 2 ![]() 2 N 3 ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() 4 ![]() 4 ![]() | | 4+ cards 6+ hearts or strong 5 12-14 or 18+ 3+ clubs* 15+, splinter, club raise 15+, 6+ hearts, solid or K-Q-J-10 15-17, NF 15+, 5-5 shape 15+, self-splinter, agrees hearts 15-17, 7+ hearts, no unbid suit control |
1 ![]() ? | P | 2 ![]() | P | 252 |
2 ![]() 2 N 3 ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() ![]() 4 ![]() 4 ![]() | 6+ spades or strong 5 12-14 or 18+ 4+ cards 3+ hearts* 15+, 6+ spades, solid or K-Q-J-10 15-17, NF 15+, splinter, heart raise 15-17, 3+ hearts*, no unbid suit control 15-17, 7+ spades, no unbid suit control |
*Opener should not raise immediately with 3 small.
1 ![]() 2 ![]() | P P | 2 ![]() ? | P | 253 |
2 ![]() 2 ![]() 2 N 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() 4 ![]() 4 ![]() | 13+, 3+ hearts 13+, AF, usually 6+ clubs 13-14 or 18+ 11-12, 6+ clubs, NF 13+, 4+ diamonds 15-17, 3+ hearts* 15+, splinter, diamond raise 15-17, NF 15+, 6+ clubs, solid or K-Q-J-10 15-17, 4+ diamonds, no spade control 15-17, 3+ hearts*, no spade control |
*not 3 small
1 ![]() 2 ![]() | P P | 2 ![]() ? | P | 254 |
2 N 3 ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() ![]() 4 ![]() 4 ![]() | 13-14 or 18+ 4+ cards (rare 3) 11-12, 6+ diamonds, NF 13+, spades J-x or better 15-17, NF 15+, splinter, spade raise 15+, 6+ diamonds, solid or K-Q-J-10 15-17, no unbid suit control |
1 ![]() 2 N | P P | 2 ![]() ? | P | 255 |
3 ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() 4 ![]() 4 ![]() 4 ![]() | 4+ cards (rare 3) 11-12, 6+ diamonds, NF 13+, 3+ spades 13-17, NF 15+, self-splinter, agrees diamonds 15+, 6+ diamonds, solid or K-Q-J-10 super Gerber 15-17, no unbid suit control |
If either player has shown a dual range and next bids voluntarily past game, this shows the upper range, except a raise to 4 or 4
, which implies x-x-x support.
1 ![]() 2 N ? | P P | 2 ![]() 3 N | P P | 256 |
Pass 4 ![]() ![]() 4 ![]() 4 ![]() | most common 18+, heart raise, values in bid 13-17, 3 small hearts 18-19, 5+ strong spades, NF |
1 ![]() 2 ![]() 3 N | P P P | 2 ![]() 2 N ? | P P | 257 |
Pass 4 ![]() 4 ![]() 4 ![]() 4 ![]() | most common 18+, 6+ clubs 18+, 4+ diamonds (rare 3) 13-17, 3 small hearts super Gerber |
After a 1 opening, a 2
response shows 5+ clubs (rarely strong 4) and 11+ points. If opener has a minimum (not enough to force to game) he must rebid 2
, which is artificial; any other rebid shows 15+ (good 14) and is GF.
1 ![]() ? | P | 2 ![]() | P | 261 |
2 ![]() 2 ![]() ![]() 2 N 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() | | any minimum, AF 15+, 4+ cards, 5+ diamonds 15+ (good 14) 15+, 3+ clubs (not 3 small) 15+, 6+ diamonds 15+, splinter, club raise 18-19, NF 15+, 5-5 minors |
1 ![]() 2 ![]() | P P | 2 ![]() ? | P | 262 |
2 ![]() ![]() ![]() 2 N 3 ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() 4 ![]() | | 13+, natural, GF 11-12, natural, NF 17+, self-splinter*, agrees clubs 13-17, NF 17+, 6+ clubs, solid or K-Q-J-10 17+, 5-5 minors |
*based on last shown suit principle (2 was artificial)
After a 1 or 1
opening, responders single raise show 10+ (11+ if balanced), 4+ trumps and no 4 card major; forcing for one round.
1 ![]() ? | P | 2 ![]() | P | analogous for 1 | 271 |
2 ![]() ![]() ![]() 2 N 3 ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() | 15+, natural or stopper, F 12-14, often 3 clubs, NF 12-14, 4+ clubs, NF 17+, splinter, GF 18-19, NF 17+, 6+ clubs, no splinter, F |
If either player bids 3 or 4 of the agreed minor (nonjump) it shows minimum values for the previous bidding and is NF. Exception: Removing 3 N to 4 of the minor is a slam try (F) unless the same player made a NF bid.
1 ![]() 2 ![]() | P P | 2 ![]() ? | P | analogous for similar auctions | 272 |
2 ![]() ![]() 2 N 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() 3 N | strength, F natural, F minimum, NF natural (good 3), F 13+, splinter, GF 12-14, NF |
Conversely, jump minor raises are weak, typically 6-9 with 5+ trumps.
1 ![]() ? | P | 3 ![]() | P | analogous for 1 | 273 |
Pass 3 ![]() ![]() ![]() 3 N | most common 4+ cards or strength, F 18-19, NF |
Higher minor raises (1 4
or 1
5
) are also weak (6-9) but indicate wilder distribution.
After an opening bid of 1 of a suit, all jumps in unbid suits to any level are weak, except for a double jump-shift response to a major, which is defined as a splinter bid. Typical holdings depend on the level.
1 ![]() | P | ? | 281 |
2 ![]() ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() ![]() 4 ![]() ![]() ![]() 5 ![]() ![]() ![]() | 2-5 HCP, 6 cards or good 5 2-7 HCP, 7 cards or good 6 2-7 HCP, 8 cards or good 7 schizoid on parole? |
When jumping to 3 or 4 in a suit below game, playing tricks are more important than HCP or suit length. Responder should have 4 tricks less than his bid, so opener can judge when to bid game.
1 ![]() ? | P | 2 ![]() | P | 282 |
Pass 2 ![]() ![]() ![]() 2 N* 3 ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() ![]() 3 N (rare) 4 ![]() | | well advised natural, extreme shape, no fit, NF AF, game try blocking, NF natural, extreme shape, no fit, I natural, no fit, based on own hand good fit, may be blocking |
*same structure as after weak two-bids
1 ![]() ? | P | 3 ![]() | P | 283 |
Pass 3 ![]() ![]() ![]() 3 N* 4 ![]() 4 ![]() ![]() | well advised natural, extreme shape, no fit, NF natural, ![]() diamond fit, I natural, extreme shape, no fit |
*responder should pull with no ace or king anywhere
After an opening bid of 1 of a suit, a 2 N response shows a balanced hand of 15+ HCP, usually with no 4 card major biddable at the 1 level, but may contain one if flat (4-3-3-3) with the other unbid suits stopped. This bid neither shows nor denies support for openers suit.
1 ![]() ? | P | 2 N | P | 291 |
3 ![]() ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() ![]() 4 ![]() 4 ![]() | 4+ cards, usually 5+ diamonds 6+ diamonds 12-14, NF 15+, self-splinter, agrees diamonds 15+, agrees diamonds super Gerber |
1 ![]() ? | P | 2 N | P | 292 |
3 ![]() ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() ![]() ![]() 4 ![]() | 4+ cards 6+ spades 12-14, NF 15+, self-splinter, agrees spades* 15-16, agrees spades* |
*hence responders 4 N is then Blackwood
Responder is presumed to have 15-17 HCP, so with 18+ he must bid beyond game. Bidding an unbid suit shows strength and implies support for openers last shown suit, unless opener bid a major that responder bypassed at the 1 level, then openers first suit.
1 ![]() 3 ![]() | P P | 2 N ? | P | 293 |
3 ![]() ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() 4 ![]() 4 ![]() | strength in suit, club fit 15-17, NF working cards, club fit 15-17, 4 hearts, 4-3-3-3 super Gerber |
1 ![]() 3 ![]() | P P | 2 N ? | P | 294 |
3 ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() 4 ![]() 4 ![]() | 3+ hearts strength in suit, diamond fit 15-17, NF working cards, diamond fit 15-17, working cards, 3+ hearts, NF super Gerber |
1 ![]() 3 N | P P | 2 N ? | P | 295 |
Pass 4 ![]() ![]() ![]() 4 ![]() | 15-17 18+, strength in suit, spade fit 15-17, spade fit |
Whenever we raise a major from 1 to 2, whether an opening bid, a 1-level response or a 1-level rebid, game tries are launched by the cheapest bid (2 or 2 N) to ask about dummys hand. Purpose is to allow effective game tries without revealing information about the closed hand. Other suit bids become slam tries.
1 ![]() ? | P | 2 ![]() | P | 301 |
2 ![]() 2 N 3 ![]() ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() ![]() 4 ![]() | | AF, asking balanced, I 4+ cards, ST blocking choice of games splinter, ST sign-off |
*only way to show spades, so 3 is not a splinter.
1 ![]() ? | P | 2 ![]() | P | 302 |
2 N 3 ![]() ![]() ![]() Other | AF, asking 4+ cards, ST analogous to above |
After the artificial ask, if dummy has a suit with secondary values (3+ cards with king or queen, or both) he should show it regardless of strength; otherwise he defines his strength.
1 ![]() 2 ![]() | P P | 2 ![]() ? | P | 303 |
2 N 3 ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 4 ![]() | | spade values values in suit bid minimum maximum, flat (4-3-3-3), suggests 3 N maximum |
1 ![]() 2 N | P P | 2 ![]() ? | P | 304 |
3 ![]() ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() | values in suit bid minimum maximum, flat (4-3-3-3), NF maximum |
When dummy shows secondary values, asker may base his decision on that or inquire further.
1 ![]() 2 ![]() ? | P P | 2 ![]() 3 ![]() | P P | 305 |
3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() | relay, asks if min or max turned off by club values choice of games sign-off |
1 ![]() 2 N ? | P P | 2 ![]() 3 ![]() | P P | 306 |
3 ![]() Other | asks to pass with min analogous to above |
*With no relay available this does not imply dislike of heart values.
If dummy is asked if min or max, he simply bids (or passes) 3 of the major with a minimum.
If asker bids a suit between 3 and 4 of the raised major, it is a slam try with a 1-suited hand.
If an opponent bids after our raise from 1 to 2, the relay structure is off; game tries are then made in the traditional manner by bidding a different suit. Note that early interference (before our raise to 2) and doubles of any kind change nothing.
After a 1 , 1
or 1
opening and a non-touching 1-level response, openers 2-level bid in a suit between (i.e., higher than suit opened but nonjump) shows 17+ points and is forcing. Opener shows 9+ cards in his two suits, typically 5-4, but 6-3 is plausible on awkward hands.
1 ![]() 2 ![]() | P P | 1 ![]() ? | P | 311 |
2 ![]() 2 ![]() 2 N 3 ![]() ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() 3 N | 6-10, 5+ hearts, F 11+, nondescript, GF 6-10, not 5 hearts, F 11+, natural, GF 11+, splinter, diamond raise 11-12, NF |
1 ![]() 2 ![]() | P P | 1 ![]() ? | P | 312 |
2 ![]() 2 N 3 ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() | 6-10, 5+ spades, F 6-10, not 5 spades, F 11+, nondescript, GF 11+, natural, GF 11-12, NF 11+, splinter, heart raise |
1 ![]() 2 ![]() | P P | 1 N ? | P | 313 |
2 ![]() ![]() 2 N 3 ![]() ![]() 3 N | 9-10, strength in suit bid, GF 6-10, nondescript, F 9-10, natural, GF 9-10, NF |
1 ![]() 2 ![]() | P P | 1 N ? | P | 314 |
2 N 3 ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() ![]() 4 ![]() | 6-10, nondescript, F 6+, 5+ cards, F 11+, 3 hearts, GF 11+, Q-x-x or better, GF 11-12, NF 11+, values in bid, 3 hearts 11-12, 3 hearts |
1 ![]() 2 ![]() | P P | 1 ![]() ? | 2 ![]() | analogous for any overcall, either opponent | 315 |
2 N 3 ![]() Cue Other | natural (stopper), F weak, NF nondescript, GF analogous to above |
After a reverse, opener must bid again below game (except in competition after a preference or pass). If responder shows a weak range and opener has less than GF values, opener must bid 2 N, 3 of his original suit (even with only 5 cards), or raise responders 5+ major to 3.
1 ![]() 2 ![]() ? | P P | 1 ![]() 2 ![]() | P P | 316 |
2 ![]() 2 N 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() 4 ![]() | ace or shortness, GF 17-18, NF 17-18, 5+ clubs, NF 5 diamonds, 6+ clubs, GF 17-18, at least Q-x, NF splinter, heart raise, ST natural, NF 7+ clubs, F |
1 ![]() 2 ![]() ? | P P | 1 ![]() 2 N | P P | 317 |
3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() 4 ![]() | ace or shortness, GF 17-18, 5+ diamonds, NF 5 hearts, 6+ diamonds, GF at least Q-x-x, GF* natural, NF self-splinter, agrees diamonds, ST agrees diamonds, F |
*forcing because responder denied 5 spades
1 ![]() 2 ![]() ? | P P | 1 N 2 N | P P | 318 |
3 ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() 4 ![]() ![]() | 3-4 cards, GF 17-18, 6 hearts*, NF 5 spades, 6+ hearts, GF natural, NF self-splinter, agrees hearts, ST |
*with 5 hearts opener would not bid 2 with 17-18
Except the usual fourth suit forcing and cases specifically described, bidding the fourth suit (for the first time) shows the ace or shortness. If below 3 N, partner assumes the ace and may bid 3 N without a stopper, which fourth-suit bidder removes if based on shortness.
1 ![]() 2 ![]() ? | P P | 1 ![]() 3 ![]() | P P | 321 |
3 ![]() Other | ace or shortness natural |
1 ![]() 2 ![]() 3 ![]() | P P P | 2 ![]() 2 ![]() ? | P P | 322 |
3 ![]() Other | ace or shortness natural |
On either auction the fourth suit must not be bid as a waiting or groping maneuver. With no ideal natural bid, use suit strength as a guide to choose the best rival.
If partner is a passed hand, a number of changes apply, most of which are obvious. Opening bids of 1 of a suit may be light (10+) and 1 or 1
may be a good 4 card suit.
Normally forcing responses (1-over-1, 1 N response to major, 2 over 1
, 2
over 1
, inverted minors) are now limited. Opener should pass with 12 or less, and may pass with 13. If opener does bid again, his rebids retain their normal meaning, including F/NF status.
A 2 N response to a minor shows 11-12 HCP, invitational. Any rebid by opener below game (including 3 of his minor) is forcing.
A 3 response to 1
, 1
or 1
shows 8-11 HCP and 6+ clubs, NF of course, but any rebid by opener below game is forcing. (This only applies in clubs because other suits would have been opened a weak two-bid.)
Cue-bid (P P 1 1
; 2
) shows stopper but openers 2 N or same suit says no game.
Responders second-round jump bids and raises to 3 of a minor (normally forcing) are now invitational.
Fourth suit forcing and new minor forcing still apply; being a passed hand just allows more ways to invite.
Third suit forcing does not apply.
P 1 ![]() ? | P P | 1 ![]() 2 ![]() | P P | 331 |
2 ![]() 2 ![]() 2 N 3 ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() | 9-12, 4+ hearts, NF 6-10, NF 10-12, I 9-12, 5+ clubs, NF 11-12, I |
After a 1 or 1
opening in third or fourth seat, responses of 2
and 2
are artificial raises.
P ? | P | 1 ![]() | P | analogous for 1 | 341 |
2 ![]() 2 ![]() 2 ![]() 3 ![]() 4 ![]() | 11+, 3 hearts 11+, 4 hearts 7-10, 3+ hearts 11-12, 5 hearts weak, extreme shape |
P 2 ![]() | P P | 1 ![]() ? | P | same as 2 | 342 |
2 ![]() 2 ![]() Other | game interest no game interest game try structure |
P 2 ![]() | P P | 1 ![]() ? | P | 343 |
2 ![]() 2 ![]() 2 ![]() Other | game interest 4+ hearts, game interest no game interest game try structure |
P 2 ![]() | P P | 1 ![]() ? | P | 344 |
2 ![]() 2 ![]() Other | game interest no game interest game try structure |
If opener shows game interest, it may still be possible to stop in 2 of the major.
P 2 ![]() ? | P P | 1 ![]() 2 ![]() | P P | 345 |
2 ![]() Other | minimal values, discouraging game try structure (dummy role)* |
P 2 ![]() ? | P P | 1 ![]() 2 ![]() | P P | 346 |
2 ![]() Other | minimal values, discouraging game try structure (dummy role)* |
*Except 2 N shows values in last bid suit, and other suits show values naturally.
Opener can also invoke the game try structure when responder returns to 2 of the major.
The artificial 2 and 2
raises do not apply in competition. If an opponent interferes after the bid, the usual countermeasures apply.
P 2 ![]() | P X | 1 ![]() ? | P | 347 |
Pass Rdbl Other | 3+ clubs 4+ strong clubs unchanged |
P 2 ![]() | P 2 ![]() | 1 ![]() ? | P | 348 |
Pass Dbl 2 ![]() 2 N | no game interest penalty no game interest, competitive game try structure |
P 2 ![]() | P 2 ![]() | 1 ![]() ? | P | 349 |
Pass Dbl 2 N 3 ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() | no game interest penalty natural, I seminatural game try, F competitive |
System Notes 7G01 Main | ![]() | Top Pavlicek System |
If our opening bid of 1 of a suit is doubled for takeout, the following changes apply.
1 ![]() | X | ? | 371 |
Pass Rdbl Suit bids 1 N 2 N 3 N | 0-9, or 10-14* 10+ HCP, implies no fit, creates force unchanged unchanged 9-11, natural, based on fit, I 12-15, natural, based on fit, NF |
*if intention is to make a cooperative double next
1 ![]() | X | ? | 372 |
2 ![]() Other | 6-10, 6+ clubs (good 5), NF same as above |
Note that inverted minor raises are unchanged by a double.
1 ![]() | X | ? | 373 |
Pass Rdbl 1 ![]() ![]() 1 N 2 ![]() ![]() 2 N 3 ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() Higher | 0-9, or 10-14 10+ HCP, implies no fit, creates force unchanged 6-10, balanced, NF 6-10, 6+ cards (good 5), NF 10-12, 4+ fit (rare 3) unchanged 6-9, 4+ fit unchanged |
1 ![]() | X | ? | 374 |
2 ![]() ![]() ![]() 2 ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() Other | 6-10, 6+ cards (good 5), NF unchanged 6-9, 4+ fit same as above |
Note that 3 N major raise and splinter bids are unchanged by a double.
A takeout double in itself does not affect our rebid structure after any response that is unchanged. If either opponent bids after the double, then we revert to a limit structure.
If our opening bid of 1 of a suit is overcalled in a natural unbid suit, the following changes apply.
1 ![]() | 1 ![]() | ? | 381 |
Dbl 1 N Cue 2 N Jump cue 3 N Other | 6+, at least 4-4 majors 7-10, stopper 13+, balanced, stopper, GF 11-12, stopper, I 13+, splinter raise 9-12, natural, based on fit unchanged |
1 ![]() | 1 ![]() | ? | analogous for 1 | 382 |
Dbl 1 ![]() 2 ![]() Other | 6+, 4 spades 6+, 5+ spades, F 10+, 5+ diamonds, F same as above |
1 ![]() | 1 ![]() | ? | analogous for 1 | 383 |
Dbl 2 ![]() ![]() Other | 7+, 4+ hearts 10+, 5+ cards, F same as above |
1 ![]() | 2 ![]() | ? | 384 |
Dbl 2 ![]() ![]() 2 N Other | 7+, at least 1 major 10+, 5+ cards, F 10-12, stopper, I same as above |
Note that inverted minor raises and weak jump shifts are unchanged.
1 ![]() | 1 ![]() | ? | 385 |
Dbl 1 N 2 ![]() ![]() Cue 2 N Jump cue 3 N 4 ![]() ![]() Other | | 7+, at least 4-4 minors 7-10, stopper 10+, 5+ cards, F 13+, balanced, stopper, GF 11-12, stopper, I 13+, splinter raise 13+, 3+ hearts, no spade control weak, natural unchanged |
1 ![]() | 2 ![]() | ? | analogous for 2 | 386 |
Dbl 2 ![]() ![]() 2 N 3 ![]() ![]() Other | | 7+, 4+ spades 10+, 5+ cards, F 10-12, stopper, I weak, natural same as above |
1 ![]() | 2 ![]() | ? | analogous for 1 | 387 |
Dbl 2 ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() Other | | 7+, 4+ spades 10+, 5+ cards, F weak, natural same as above |
1 ![]() | 2 ![]() | ? | 388 |
Dbl 3 ![]() ![]() 4 ![]() ![]() Other | | 8+, at least 4-4 minors 10+, 5+ cards, F weak, natural same as above |
Note that splinter bids in competition only apply in enemy suits.
After a negative double it is openers duty to select the contract. With no clear bid it is better to bid a 3 card suit that responder might have than to rebid a 5 card suit already shown. Opener should rebid at the cheapest level with 13-15, jump with 16-18 (invitational below game) or cue-bid as the only force (GF). Passing for penalty is also a viable option at the 2 level with 4+ trumps.
1 ![]() ? | 1 ![]() | X | P | analogous for many sequences | 389 |
1 N 2 ![]() ![]() ![]() 2 ![]() 2 N* 3 ![]() ![]() ![]() 3 N | 13-15, natural, NF 19+, nondescript, GF 16-18, I 19+, NF |
*may be off-shape hence 16-17 is possible
If responder bids again after a negative double, assuming opener has not shown extras, only a cue-bid is forcing (GF). Preferences and new suit bids are NF; 2 N, raises, and jumps below game are invitational.
1 ![]() 2 ![]() | 1 ![]() P | X ? | P | analogous for many sequences | 390 |
2 ![]() ![]() 2 ![]() 2 N 3 ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() 3 N | 7-9, 5+ cards, NF 13+, nondescript, GF 10-12, stopper, I 10-12, Q-x or better, I 10-12, 6+ cards, I 13+, splinter raise 13+, stopper, NF |
Competitive 2-over-1 responses (10+) are forcing for one round (think Acol). If opener rebids his original suit, bids 2 N or raises responders suit, it is NF and confirms minimum values. New suits are forcing for another round. Only a cue-bid or jump below game creates a GF.
1 ![]() ? | 1 ![]() | 2 ![]() | P | analogous for many sequences | 391 |
2 ![]() 2 N 3 ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() ![]() 4 ![]() | 16+, nondescript, GF minimum, NF any strength, 4+ clubs, F 16+, splinter raise 15-19, NF 16+, extreme shape, F 15-17, NF |
If responder bids again when opener has not shown extras, similar principles apply. Bidding 2 N or any of our previously bid suits is NF and confirms minimum values. A new suit, cue-bid or jump below game is GF.
1 ![]() 2 ![]() | 2 ![]() P | 2 ![]() ? | P | analogous for many sequences | 392 |
2 ![]() 2 N 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() 4 ![]() 4 ![]() ![]() | minimum, Q-x or better, NF minimum, NF 13+, nondescript, GF minimum, Q-x-x or better, NF 13+, 3+ spades, GF 13+, NF 13+, splinter, heart raise 13+, extreme shape, F 13-15, NF |
Note that responders preference or raise of a forcing bid does not promise a normal trump fit.
After our opening bid of 1 of a suit, if an opponent jumps in a natural suit, the following changes apply.
1 ![]() | 2 ![]() | ? | 401 |
Dbl 2 ![]() ![]() 2 N 3 ![]() Cue 3 N Jump cue Other | 7+, at least 1 major 10+, 5+ cards, F 10-12, stopper, I 8-11, 4+ clubs, NF 13+, balanced, stopper, GF 9-12, based on fit, NF 13+, splinter raise unchanged |
1 ![]() | 2 ![]() | ? | analogous for 1 | 402 |
Dbl 2 ![]() ![]() Other | 7+, 4+ spades 10+, 5+ cards, F same as above |
1 ![]() | 2 ![]() | ? | analogous for 1 | 403 |
Dbl 3 ![]() ![]() Other | 8+, 4+ hearts 10+, 5+ cards, F same as above |
1 ![]() | 2 ![]() | ? | 404 |
Dbl 2 N 3 ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() Cue 3 N 4 ![]() ![]() 4 ![]() | | 8+, at least 4-4 minors 10-12, stopper, I 10+, 5+ cards, F 7-10, 3+ hearts, NF 13+, balanced, stopper, GF 13+, 3+ hearts, no spade control weak, natural 11-12, 3+ hearts, NF |
Subsequent bidding is essentially the same as after a 2-level nonjump overcall, so the previous structures for Rebids after a negative double and Rebids after a 2-over-1 response would apply.
1 ![]() | 3 ![]() | ? | 405 |
Dbl 3 ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() 3 N Cue 4 ![]() ![]() ![]() | 8+, at least 1 major 8-11, 4+ diamonds, NF 10+, 5+ cards, F 10-15, stopper 13+, fit, enemy control weak, natural, NF |
1 ![]() | 3 ![]() | ? | 406 |
4 ![]() Other | 10-12, 4+ clubs, NF same as above |
1 ![]() | 3 ![]() | ? | analogous for 1 | 407 |
Dbl 3 ![]() ![]() Other | 8+, 4+ spades 10+, 5+ cards, F same as above |
1 ![]() | 3 ![]() | ? | analogous for 1 | 408 |
Dbl 4 ![]() 4 ![]() Other | 9+, 4+ hearts 10+, 5+ cards, F 10-15, 5+ cards, NF same as above |
1 ![]() | 3 ![]() | ? | 409 |
Dbl 4 ![]() ![]() 4 ![]() Other | 9+, at least 4-4 minors 10+, 5+ cards, F 9-15, 3+ cards, NF same as above |
Subsequent bidding is mostly common sense.
1 ![]() | 4 ![]() | ? | 410 |
Dbl 4 ![]() 4 ![]() ![]() 5 ![]() 5 ![]() | 10+, at least 1 major 10-12, 4+ diamonds, NF 10-16, 5+ cards, NF 16+, diamond fit, club control 13-16, 5+ diamonds, NF |
1 ![]() | 4 ![]() | ? | 411 |
Dbl 4 ![]() ![]() ![]() | 10+, at least 1 major 10-16, natural, NF |
1 ![]() | 4 ![]() | ? | analogous for 1 | 412 |
Dbl 4 ![]() ![]() ![]() | 10+, 4+ spades 10-16, natural, NF |
1 ![]() | 4 ![]() | ? | analogous for 1 | 413 |
Dbl 5 ![]() ![]() ![]() | penalty 10-16, natural, NF |
After our opening bid of 1 of a suit, these structures apply if an opponent makes an overcall that shows two suits, at least one of which is known. Michaels and unusual 2 N are the most common, but many others exist.
1 ![]() | 2 ![]() | ? | 1. both majors | 421 |
Dbl 2 ![]() 2 ![]() 2 ![]() 2 N 3 ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() 3 N | | 10+ HCP, creates force 7-10, 6+ diamonds (rare 5), NF 11+, club raise 11+, 5+ diamonds 9-11, based on fit, I 7-10, 4+ clubs, NF weak, natural, NF 13+, splinter raise 12-14, based on fit, NF |
1 ![]() | 2 ![]() | ? | 1. both majors | 422 |
2 ![]() 2 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() Other | | 11+, diamond raise 11+, 5+ clubs 7-10, 6+ clubs, NF 7-10, 4+ diamonds, NF same as above |
1 ![]() | 2 ![]() | ? | 1. spades + minor | 423 |
Dbl 2 ![]() 2 N 3 ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() ![]() ![]() | | 10+ HCP, creates force 11+, heart raise 9-11, based on fit, I 7-10, 6+ cards, NF 7-10, 3+ hearts 13+, splinter raise 12-14, based on fit, NF weak, natural, NF |
1 ![]() | 2 ![]() | ? | 1. hearts + minor | 424 |
3 ![]() 3 ![]() 4 ![]() 4 ![]() ![]() ![]() Other | 11+, spade raise 7-10, 3+ spades 13+, splinter raise weak, natural, NF same as above |
1 ![]() | 2 N1 | ? | 1. both minors | 425 |
Dbl 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() ![]() 4 ![]() ![]() | | 10+ HCP, creates force 11+, heart raise 11+, 5+ spades 7-10, 3+ hearts, NF 7-10, 6+ spades (rare 5), NF 10-14, based on fit, NF 13+, splinter raise weak, natural, NF |
1 ![]() | 2 N1 | ? | 1. both minors | 426 |
3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() Other | | 11+, spade raise 11+, 5+ hearts 7-10, 6+ hearts (rare 5), NF 7-10, 3+ spades, NF same as above |
Note that cheaper cue is always a raise of opener, and higher cue (if both suits known) shows the fourth suit.
After the higher cue, if opener rebids in notrump or his original suit, this confirms a minimum and is NF. A raise of responders indicated suit is forcing below game.
After doubling, if responder next bids a new suit or a suit shown by the enemy, it is natural and forcing below game.
If responder passes the two-suited overcall and later bids a suit shown by the enemy, it is natural and NF.
After our opening bid of 1 of a suit and a natural 1 N overcall (regardless of strength) the following changes apply.
1 ![]() | 1 N | ? | 431 |
Dbl 2 ![]() 2 ![]() ![]() ![]() 2 N Higher | | 10+ HCP, creates force 6+, both majors 6-9, 6+ cards (good 5), NF 10+, any 2-suiter, AF unchanged |
1 ![]() | 1 N | ? | 432 |
2 ![]() 2 ![]() Other | | 6-9, 6+ clubs (good 5) 6+, both majors same as above |
Note that majors are shown by a minor raise and the unbid minor is natural.
1 ![]() | 1 N | ? | analogous for 1 | 433 |
Dbl 2 ![]() ![]() ![]() 2 ![]() ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() 2 N 3 ![]() ![]() ![]() | | 10+ HCP, creates force 6-9, 6+ cards (good 5) unchanged unchanged 10+, any 2-suiter, AF weak, natural |
Many doubles below 3 N, while traditionally penalty, are better played as competitive to show a desire to compete without clear direction. Unfortunately, these situations cant be chosen at whim, because penalty doubles are important too. Firm agreements are essential to avoid misunderstandings.
A prerequisite for any competitive double is that we are not in a force, i.e., we have not redoubled or otherwise indicated partnership assets of 23+ HCP where a pass would be forcing.
Given the above, all doubles at the 1 level are competitive unless defined otherwise.
For a double at the 2 or 3 level to be competitive, four more conditions must be met:
1. All four players have acted (bid or doubled) 2. We have not bid notrump 3. We have not raised a suit 4. No enemy action was in balancing seat | 441 |
Competitive doubles are often misused, so counter examples are more beneficial:
1 ![]() P | P P | 1 ![]() X | 2 ![]() | penalty (only one opponent acted) | 442 |
1 ![]() 1 N | P 2 ![]() | 1 ![]() X | 1 ![]() | penalty (we bid notrump) | 443 |
1 ![]() X | 2 ![]() | 2 ![]() | 3 ![]() | penalty (we raised a suit) | 444 |
1 ![]() 2 ![]() X | X P | 1 ![]() P | P 2 ![]() | penalty (opponent balanced) | 445 |
Minimum strength for a competitive double is about 3 points more than previously shown. There is no upper limit, so the double is also useful on game-going hands.
Partner of competitive doubler should choose the contract from alternatives suggested by the bidding. Any nonjump (even a new suit) is NF; jumps below game are invitational. Passing the double is a viable option with 4 trumps, or three trumps at the 3 level.
An exception to Condition 3 occurs when we have raised a major and cannot make a game try because the enemy bid the touching lower suit. Condition 1, however, is not changed (both opponents must have acted).
1 ![]() ? | X | 2 ![]() | 3 ![]() | 446 |
Dbl 3 ![]() | game try competitive |
A cooperative double is a penalty suggestion at the 2 or 3 level. Doubler typically has 3+ cards in the suit doubled but not a trump stack. The following doubles are cooperative:
1. After eschewing a redouble or force-double 2. After partner redoubled or made a force-double 3. Balancing seat in front of the opponent who bid 4. Of a suit in which 4 cards were denied 5. After a competitive double at previous turn | 451 |
1 ![]() P | X 2 ![]() | P X | 1 N | cooperative | 452 |
The failure to redouble does not limit responders strength but rules out a trump stack.
1 ![]() X | X | R | 2 ![]() | cooperative | 453 |
1 ![]() P | P P | 1 ![]() X | 2 ![]() | cooperative | 454 |
1 ![]() P | P 2 ![]() | 1 N X | X | cooperative | 455 |
1 ![]() X X | P P | 1 ![]() 2 ![]() | 1 ![]() 2 ![]() | cooperative | 456 |
Partner should remove a cooperative double with a singleton or void in the enemy suit, or with a shapely hand unsuitable for defense. Limit bidding principles apply.
After our 1-over-1 response, openers competitive rebids retain their usual meaning provided opener is not restricted because a cheaper bid in the same strain is eliminated by the interference. If opener is restricted, a nonjump bid that would otherwise be a jump may be shaded to compete. Jump shifts and cue-bids are GF.
1 ![]() ? | P | 1 ![]() | 2 ![]() | analogous for similar auctions | 461 |
Dbl 2 ![]() ![]() 2 N 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() 4 ![]() 4 ![]() ![]() | penalty unchanged 16-17, stopper, I 16-18, 4+ cards, NF 19+, nondescript, GF unchanged 18-19, stopper, NF 19+, at least 5-5, F 19+, splinter raise unchanged |
1 ![]() ? | P | 1 ![]() | 2 ![]() | analogous for similar auctions | 462 |
Dbl 2 N* 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() ![]() 4 ![]() | penalty 18-19, stopper, I 14-18, 6+ clubs, NF 16-18, 4 diamonds, NF 14-16 19+, nondescript, GF unchanged natural, extreme shape, I 17+ |
*logically would not be less after minor
If a nonjump suit overcall is passed around to opener, no additional strength is required to reopen because partner may have trap-passed with a trump stack, hence his strength is not limited.
1 ![]() ? | 1 ![]() | P | P | analogous for similar auctions | 463 |
Pass Dbl 1 N 2 ![]() ![]() 2 ![]() 2 ![]() 2 N 3 ![]() ![]() ![]() | minimum, 3+ spades takeout, usually 1 or 2 spades 18-19, stopper, NF natural, NF 17+, natural, NF 19+, 6+ strong diamonds, F 16-19, stopper, 6+ diamonds, I 19+, natural, I |
Any suit bid implies extreme shape or a spade void, else double is preferred.
If the opening bid is passed by partner and RHO balances, opener must tread with caution. All actions show extra strength, and no bids are forcing, except of course a cue-bid for 1 round only.
1 ![]() ? | P | P | X | analogous for similar auctions | 464 |
Pass Rdbl 1 N 1 ![]() ![]() ![]() 2 ![]() 2 N 2 ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() | 13-18 18+, nondescript 18-19 16+, at least 6-4 or 5-5 16+, 6+ strong hearts 18-19, 6+ strong hearts 19+, natural, shapely |
1 ![]() ? | P | P | 1 ![]() | analogous for similar auctions | 465 |
Dbl 2 ![]() Other | 16+, takeout 19+, spade void, 3-suiter, F same as above |
After our 1-over-1 response, the system dictates a forcing style without interference (or if the only interference is a takeout double) in that responders second-round jumps in previously bid suits and raises to 3 of a minor are GF. Once an opponent bids this reverts to a limit style where all such bids are invitational, and a cue-bid becomes a general GF.
1 ![]() 2 ![]() | 1 ![]() P | 1 ![]() ? | P | analogous for many auctions | 471 |
2 ![]() 2 ![]() 2 ![]() 2 N 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() | 11+, 4+ diamonds (rare 3), F 13+, nondescript, GF 6-10, 6+ spades, NF 10-12, stopper, I 10-12, Q-x or better, I 13+, at least 5-5, GF 15+, splinter raise, GF 11-12, 6+ spades, I 13-16, stopper, NF 10-12, great fit, I |
1 ![]() P | P P | 1 ![]() ? | 1 ![]() | analogous for many auctions | 472 |
Dbl 1 N 2 ![]() 2 ![]() 2 ![]() 2 ![]() 2 N 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() 4 ![]() | 9+, competitive 7-10, stopper, NF 11+, 4+ clubs (rare 3) 7-10, 3+ diamonds, NF 7-10, 6+ hearts 13+, nondescript, GF 11-12, stopper, I 13+, at least 5-5, GF 11-12, 4+ diamonds, I 11-12, 6+ hearts, I 16+, self-splinter, agrees hearts, GF 13-16, stopper, NF 11-12, great fit, I 13-16, 6+ strong hearts, NF |
New minor forcing applies in competition, but alternative rebids follow the limit style.
1 ![]() 1 N | P P | 1 ![]() ? | 1 ![]() | analogous for similar auctions | 473 |
2 ![]() ![]() 2 ![]() 2 ![]() 2 N 3 ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() 4 ![]() | natural, sign-off attempt 11+, AF, checkback 13+, nondescript, GF natural, I 13+, at least 5-5, GF 16+, self-splinter, agrees hearts, GF sign-off 11-12, extreme shape, I |
System Notes 7G01 Main | ![]() | Top Pavlicek System |
An opening bid of 2 is strong, artificial and forcing, typically 23+ points or within a trick of game in hand.
Responder must either categorize his HCP range or show a suit headed by K-Q or better.
2 ![]() | P | ? | 491 |
2 ![]() 2 ![]() 2 ![]() 2 N 3 suit 3 N 4 suit 4 N | | 0-4 HCP (no ace) or 8+ HCP or A+K 5-7 HCP or an ace (no A+K) any 5 card suit, 2 of top 3 any 5 card suit, A-K-Q 6 cards, 2 of top 3 any 6 card suit, A-K-Q 7 cards, 2 of top 3 any 7 card suit, A-K-Q |
Responder is presumed to have 0-4 HCP for all rebids. With 8+ HCP (or ace + king) he bids the same as with 0-4 under game but must continue voluntarily past game to show it.
2 ![]() ? | P | 2 ![]() | P | 492 |
2 ![]() 2 ![]() ![]() ![]() 2 N 3 N | | 5+ hearts or 25+ HCP balanced 5+ cards, F 23-24, balanced, NF (system on) 6+ card minor, game in hand, NF |
*forces 2 (Kokish relay)
2 ![]() 2 ![]() ? | P P | 2 ![]() 2 ![]() | P P | 493 |
2 N 3 ![]() ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() 3 N | 25+, balanced, GF (system on) 4+ cards, 5+ hearts, F 6+ hearts, NF 5-6 hearts, balanced or semi, NF |
2 ![]() 2 ![]() | P P | 2 ![]() ? | P | 494 |
2 N 3 ![]() ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() 4 ![]() ![]() ![]() 4 ![]() | waiting 5+ cards 3+ spades splinter raise 2-4 HCP, 4+ spades, no side-suit control |
2 ![]() 2 ![]() ? | P P | 2 ![]() 2 N | P P | 495 |
3 ![]() ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() 3 N | 4+ cards 6+ spades, NF 5-6 spades, balanced or semi, NF |
2 ![]() 3 ![]() | P P | 2 ![]() ? | P | 496 |
3 ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() 4 ![]() ![]() ![]() | | waiting 5+ cards 5+ diamonds, NF 3+ clubs splinter raise |
2 ![]() 3 ![]() | P P | 2 ![]() ? | P | 497 |
3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() 4 ![]() 4 ![]() ![]() | | waiting 5+ spades 5+ hearts, NF 6+ clubs 3+ diamonds splinter raise |
2 ![]() ? | P | 2 ![]() | P | 498 |
2 ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() 2 N 3 N | 5+ cards, GF 23+ HCP balanced, GF (system on) 6+ card minor, game in hand, NF |
2 ![]() 2 ![]() | P P | 2 ![]() ? | P | 499 |
2 N 3 ![]() ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() 4 ![]() ![]() ![]() | waiting 5+ cards 3+ spades splinter raise |
2 ![]() 3 ![]() | P P | 2 ![]() ? | P | 500 |
3 ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() 4 ![]() ![]() ![]() | | waiting 5+ cards 5+ diamonds, NF 3+ clubs splinter raise |
2 ![]() 3 ![]() | P P | 2 ![]() ? | P | 501 |
3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() 4 ![]() 4 ![]() ![]() ![]() | | waiting 5+ spades 5+ hearts, NF 6+ clubs 3+ diamonds splinter raise (must have 1 ace) |
2 ![]() 3 ![]() | P P | 2 ![]() ? | P | 502 |
3 ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() ![]() 4 ![]() 4 ![]() ![]() ![]() | | waiting 5+ spades, NF 6+ cards 3+ hearts, NF splinter raise (must have 1 ace) |
Note that responders cheapest rebid is always waiting, and 3 N shows 5+ cards in the waiting suit.
2 ![]() ? | P | 2 ![]() | P | 503 |
2 N 3 suit 3 N | 23+ HCP balanced, GF (system on) 5+ cards 6+ card minor, game in hand, NF |
If opener rebids in a suit, responder bids his suit at the 3 level if possible.
2 ![]() 3 ![]() | P P | 2 ![]() ? | P | 504 |
3 ![]() ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() 4 ![]() | my suit no fit, my suit is clubs, NF 3+ diamonds, clubs are A-K or A-Q 3+ diamonds, clubs are K-Q |
2 ![]() 3 ![]() | P P | 2 ![]() ? | P | 505 |
3 ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() ![]() 4 ![]() | my suit no fit, my suit is a minor, NF 3+ hearts, suit is A-K or A-Q 3+ hearts, minor suit is K-Q, NF |
2 ![]() 3 ![]() | P P | 2 ![]() ? | P | 506 |
3 N 4 ![]() ![]() ![]() 4 ![]() | no fit, NF 3+ spades, suit is A-K or A-Q 3+ spades, suit is K-Q, NF |
2 ![]() ? | P | 3 ![]() | P | analogous for any suit response of 3 or 4 | 507 |
Other suit 3 N Raise | 5+ cards, F below game misfit, NF F below game |
2 ![]() ? | P | 2 N | P | analogous for 3 N or 4 N response | 508 |
Any suit* Notrump* | fit or 5+ cards, F natural, F |
*Opener is presumed to know responders A-K-Q suit, and slam must be reached.
2 ![]() | X | ? | 509 |
Pass Rdbl Other | 3+ clubs 4+ clubs (Q-10-x-x or better) unchanged |
2 ![]() | 2 ![]() | ? | analogous for other overcalls | 510 |
Dbl 2 N 3 ![]() ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() | penalty (Q-10-x-x or better) 5+, stopper 5+ HCP, 5+ cards 5+ HCP, 3-suiter, short spades |
2 ![]() ? | 2 ![]() | P | P | analogous for other overcalls | 511 |
Dbl 2 N 3 ![]() ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() 3 N* 4 N* | penalty 23-24, balanced, NF 5+ cards, F 3-suiter, short spades 25-28, balanced, NF 29-30, balanced, NF |
*if responder bids again, follow opening 2 N structure 1 or 2 levels higher.
All doubles by opener or responder are penalty, and all direct passes are forcing.
If opener bids an enemy shown suit that he could not double for penalty, it is natural (enemy bid was probably a psych).
If responder has not acted, a suit bid by opener below game is forcing, and the cheapest response is an artificial waiting bid.
If 2 opener jumps in a suit at his second turn (including an enemy shown suit that he could not double for penalty) it is natural and sets trumps.
Below game Game | F, partner should bid any control NF, no slam opposite expected range | 512 |
Note that previous use as a specific ace ask is now abolished, as any such hand should open 3 N.
An opening bid of 2 , 2
or 2
shows 5-10 HCP. Style is undisciplined but sensible. Good 5 cards suits (typically 3 of top 5 cards) are acceptable at any vulnerability, and decent 5 cards suits when nonvulnerable.
2 ![]() | P | ? | analogous for 2 | 521 |
2 ![]() ![]() 2 N 3 ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() 4 ![]() ![]() ![]() | | 12-17, 6+ cards (rare 5), NF 15+, AF 12-17, 6+ cards, NF blocking, NF self-sufficient suit, I natural, NF trump ask sign-off |
2 ![]() ? | P | 2 N | P* | 522 |
3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() ![]() | only 5 diamonds, AF minimum stopper in bid, max no major stopper, max natural, extreme shape |
2 ![]() ? | P | 2 N | P* | 523 |
3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() ![]() 4 ![]() | only 5 hearts, AF average or max, AF worst hand 4 spades A-K-J-x-x-x or better natural, at least 6-4 self-sufficient suit |
2 ![]() ? | P | 2 N | P* | 524 |
3 ![]() 3 ![]() Other | 4 hearts worst hand analogous to above |
*If opponent doubles: 3 = 5-carder with 4 clubs; pass (min) or redouble (max) = 5-carder without 4 clubs.
2 ![]() 3 ![]() | P P | 2 N ? | P | analogous for 2 | 525 |
3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() 4 ![]() 4 ![]() ![]() | | AF, asks if min/max* sign-off 5+ cards, F trump ask sign-off |
*opener returns to his suit if minimum
2 ![]() 3 ![]() | P P | 2 N ? | P | analogous for 2 | 526 |
3 ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() 4 ![]() ![]() | | natural, I* 5+ cards, F game sign-off, opener may bid 4 ![]() trump ask sign-off |
*opener passes with average, accepts with max
2 ![]() 3 ![]() | P P | 2 N ? | P | same as 3 | 527 |
3 ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() 4 ![]() 4 ![]() ![]() | | sign-off 5+ cards, F sign-off trump ask good fit, I sign-off |
2 ![]() | X | ? | analogous for 2 | 528 |
Pass* Rdbl New suit Other | 0+ (unlimited) strong, creates force natural, may be weak, NF unchanged |
*if followed by double below 3 N it is cooperative
2 ![]() | 2 ![]() | ? | analogous for similar sequences | 529 |
Dbl Cue Other | penalty control, ST unchanged |
2 ![]() ? | P | 2 N | 3 ![]() | analogous for similar sequences | 530 |
Pass Dbl Bid | minimum reasonable defense natural, offense oriented |
Opening suit bids of 3 thru 5
are weak, roughly by the rule of 2, 3 or 4+ per vulnerability.
3 ![]() | P | ? | 541 |
3 ![]() ![]() ![]() 3 N* 4 ![]() 4 ![]() 4 ![]() ![]() ![]() | | 5+ cards, F natural, NF blocking trump ask sign-off |
*opener may pull with no ace or king
3 ![]() | P | ? | 542 |
4 ![]() Other | | trump ask analogous to above |
3 ![]() | P | ? | 543 |
3 ![]() ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() 4 ![]() ![]() 5 ![]() | | 5+ cards, F sign-off trump ask sign-off blocking |
3 ![]() | P | ? | 544 |
4 ![]() Other | 6+ hearts, NF analogous to above |
4 ![]() | P | ? | 545 |
4 ![]() 4 ![]() ![]() | | trump ask sign-off |
4 ![]() | P | ? | same as 5 | 546 |
Any suit bid | natural, NF |
4 ![]() | P | ? | 547 |
4 ![]() 5 ![]() ![]() 5 ![]() | | natural, NF control ask slam I, trump concern |
4 ![]() | P | ? | 548 |
5 ![]() ![]() ![]() 5 ![]() | | control ask slam I, trump concern |
3 ![]() | X | ? | analogous for all 3-bids and 4 | 549 |
Pass* Rdbl 3 ![]() ![]() ![]() Other | 0+ (unlimited) strong, creates force natural, NF unchanged |
*if followed by double below 3 N it is cooperative
4 ![]() | X | ? | analogous for 4 | 550 |
Rdbl Other | strong, creates force unchanged |
3 ![]() | 3 ![]() | ? | analogous for all preempts and overcalls | 551 |
Dbl Cue Raise Other | penalty control, ST, creates force competitive or blocking natural, F if below game |
Note that asking bids are off over a bid, but unchanged by a double.
An opening bid of 3 N is forcing, showing any self-sufficient suit with 9+ playing tricks. If suit is a minor, shape is usually extreme since 3 N is ruled out as a contract. Strength is typically 11-16 HCP but unlimited; many one-suiters usually opened 2 are better opened 3 N.
3 N | P | ? | 561 |
4 ![]() 4 ![]() 4 ![]() ![]() 4 N | | exactly 1 ace, F no aces (assumed) or 2 aces, F 7+ cards (strong 6), at most 1 ace, NF 3 aces, F to slam |
3 N ? | P | 4 ![]() | P | 562 |
4 ![]() 4 ![]() ![]() 4 N 5 ![]() ![]() | | strength ask (slam possible) sign-off asks which ace (responder bids it) sign-off |
3 N 4 ![]() | P P | 4 ![]() ? | P | 563 |
4 ![]() 4 ![]() 4 N 5 ![]() ![]() ![]() | | nothing extra something extra much extra with ![]() much extra with that ace |
Opener then places contract or bids 4 N to ask which ace.
3 N ? | P | 4 ![]() | P | 564 |
4 ![]() ![]() 4 N 5 ![]() ![]() | | real suit, NF strength ask* (slam possible if aceless) real suit, NF |
*3 steps: nothing, something, much
If responder has 2 aces, he must continue by bidding a non-ace suit to pinpoint locations. Opener then signs off without control in that suit, bids slam, or uses the cheapest available other bid as a 3-step strength ask.
3 N ? | P | 4 ![]() | P | analogous for 4 | 565 |
4 N Suit | Blackwood (bid major key) real suit, NF |
3 N | X | ? | 566 |
Pass* Rdbl Other | no ace, no likely tricks 1 ace + defensive strength unchanged |
*allows stopping in 4 or 4
if opener bids it
3 N | 4 ![]() | ? | analogous for any overcall | 567 |
Pass* Dbl Cheapest suit Other suit Cheapest NT 5 N jump | nondescript trump stack, penalty 1 ace natural, NF 2 aces, F 3 aces, F |
*Opener must always to compete at 4 level but may elect not to risk 5 level.
System Notes 7G01 Main | ![]() | Top Pavlicek System |
After an enemy opening bid of 1 of a suit, immediate actions are summarized below.
1 ![]() | ? | 571 |
Dbl 1 ![]() ![]() ![]() 1 N* Cue Jump cue DJ cue Other suit jump 2 N 3 N 4 N | 13+, takeout 10-18, 5+ cards 15-18, balanced, stopper both majors strong 1-suiter both majors, extreme shape weak two lowest unbid 15-20, based on long suit two lowest unbid, extreme shape |
*Respond as to 1 N opening, including interference agreements if next opponent acts.
1 ![]() | ? | 572 |
2 ![]() Other | 13-18, 5+ cards same as above |
1 ![]() | ? | 573 |
2 ![]() ![]() Cue DJ cue Other | 13-18, 5+ cards spades + minor spades + minor, extreme shape same as above |
1 ![]() | ? | 574 |
2 ![]() ![]() ![]() Other | 13-18, 5+ cards analogous to above |
After an enemy opening bid of 1 of a suit, a takeout double shows 13-18 points with 3+ cards in each unbid suit, or 19+ points. With major-suit hopes it is permissible to have only a doubleton in an unbid minor.
1 ![]() | X | P | ? | 581 |
1 ![]() ![]() ![]() 1 N Cue 2 ![]() 2 ![]() ![]() 2 N Jump cue 3 ![]() ![]() ![]() 3 N DJ cue 4 ![]() 4 ![]() ![]() 5 ![]() | | 0-9, 4+ cards (rare 3) 6-10, stopper 10+, F until raise or game 10-12, 5+ cards, I 10-12, 4+ cards, I 11-12, stopper, I 13+, splinter, 3-suiter, GF 6-9, 6+ cards, NF 13-16, stopper 10+, 5-5 majors 6-9, 7+ cards 13-16, 5+ cards 13-16, 7+ cards |
1 ![]() | X | P | ? | 582 |
2 ![]() 3 ![]() 4 ![]() Other | 0-9, 5+ cards (rare 4) 10-12, 5+ cards, I 6-9, 7+ cards analogous to above |
1 ![]() | X | P | ? | 583 |
2 ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() 4 ![]() ![]() 4 ![]() Other | | 0-9, 4+ cards 10-12, 5+ cards, I 6-9, 7+ cards 10+, 5-5 minors analogous to above |
1 ![]() | X | P | ? | 584 |
2 ![]() 3 ![]() 4 ![]() Other | | 0-9, 4+ cards 10-12, 4+ cards, I 10+, 5-5 minors analogous to above |
1 ![]() P | X ? | P | 1 ![]() | analogous for any forced response at 1 level | 585 |
1 ![]() ![]() 1 N Cue 2 ![]() 2 ![]() ![]() 2 N Jump cue 3 ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() 3 N | | 19+, 5+ cards, NF 18-20, stopper 21+, no rebid promised 16-18, 4+ cards self-make, 6+ strong cards, NF 21-22, stopper 19+, splinter raise, game try 19-21, 4+ hearts, I self-make, 6+ strong cards, NF self-make |
1 ![]() P | X ? | P | 2 ![]() | analogous for any forced response at 2 level | 586 |
2 ![]() ![]() Cue 2 N 3 ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() ![]() Jump cue | | 19+, 5+ cards, NF 21+, no rebid promised 18-20, stopper 18-20, 4+ clubs self-make, 6+ strong cards, NF 19+, splinter raise, game try |
1 ![]() P | X ? | P | 1 N | analogous for any 1 N response | 587 |
2 ![]() ![]() ![]() Cue 3 ![]() ![]() ![]() | 5 cards, minimum double (to play) shortness, I+, no rebid promised 5+ cards, GF |
1 ![]() | X | R | ? | analogous for any suit opening | 588 |
Pass Unbid suit Other | no preference or 10+ weak (any level) unchanged |
Pass followed by a voluntary action shows 10-12 range.
If our takeout double is followed by any bid below 2 N, including a new suit, 1 N or raise, the following agreements apply.
Dbl Suit bid Suit jump | responsive* 6-9 10+, I below game | 589 |
*minor takeout if both minors unbid
Note that bidding RHOs suit (1 Dbl 1
2
) is natural like any other. Only openers suit is a cue-bid.
After a major raise, responsive doubles are extended thru 3 , which includes any enemy bid that shows a fit.
After an enemy opening bid of 1 of a suit, a nonjump suit overcall shows 10-18 points (13-18 at 2 level) and a 5+ card suit. A strong 4 card suit may be bid at the 1 level with 13-18 points if no other action is appropriate.
1 ![]() | 1 ![]() | P | ? | analogous for any 1-level overcall | 601 |
1 ![]() ![]() 1 N* Cue** 2 ![]() 2 ![]() ![]() 2 N Jump cue 3 ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() 3 N DJ cue | 8-12, 5+ cards, NF 8-11, stopper, NF 11+ if fit, 13+ if not 7-10, 3+ cards 12-14, 6+ cards, I 12-14, stopper, I 11+, 4+ hearts weak (4-7), 4+ cards 12-14, 7+ cards, I 15-18, stopper splinter, ST |
*Subsequent cue is natural and NF (jump invit)
**Re-cue is forcing, natural if minor; major is general force (presumed) or natural (NF) if repeated or game
1 ![]() | 2 ![]() | P | ? | analogous for any 2-level overcall | 602 |
2 N 3 ![]() Jump suit 3 N 4 ![]() Other | 9-11, stopper, I 7-10, 3+ cards natural, F below game 12-15, stopper weak (4-7), 4+ cards analogous to above |
Unless forced or invited, overcaller generally should pass with 10-12; may act again with 13-15, and should act again with 16-18.
A second-round bid in openers minor is a cue-bid only if partner has acted; else natural showing a 2-suiter.
1 ![]() P | 1 ![]() ? | P | 2 ![]() | analogous for cue-bid response to any overcall | 603 |
Same suit Below same Above same | minimum, nondescript, NF ambiguous, natural, F accept, natural, F (below game) |
1 ![]() | 1 ![]() | X | ? | analogous for any 1-level overcall | 604 |
Rdbl Cue 2 N Other | 11+, implies no fit, creates force 11+, shows fit 8-10, 4+ card fit unchanged |
1 ![]() | 2 ![]() | X | ? | analogous for any 2-level overcall | 605 |
2 N Other | unchanged analogous to above |
If our nonjump suit overcall is followed by any bid below 2 N (including 1 N and new suits) the following agreements apply.
Dbl Cue Other | responsive* 11+, shows fit, stopper if choice of cues unchanged | 606 |
*implies doubleton support if only 1 unbid suit
After a major raise, or any bid showing a major fit:
Responsive doubles are extended thru 3 ![]() | 607 |
After a cue-bid of our overcall, double is:
1. Responsive if unpassed hand and cue is not GF 2. Lead-directing if passed hand or cue is GF | 608 |
After an enemy opening bid of 1 of a suit, all jumps in unbid suits are weak, roughly by the rule of 2, 3 or 4+ per vulnerability.
1 ![]() | 2 ![]() | P | ? | analogous for any 2-level jump overcall | 611 |
Cue Other | asks for stopper weak two-bid structure |
Also use weak two-bid structure if RHO acts.
1 ![]() | 3 ![]() | P | ? | analogous for any 3-level jump overcall or 4 | 612 |
Cue below 3 N Other | asks for stopper preemptive opening structure |
Note that 4 or 4
trump ask still applies.
1 ![]() | 4 ![]() | P | ? | analogous for any 4 | 613 |
4 ![]() Other | control ask preemptive opening structure |
Note that 5-level control ask still applies.
After an enemy opening bid of 1 of a suit, a cue-bid (Michaels) shows both majors over a minor, or the unbid major plus either minor over a major; an overcall of 2 N (unusual) shows the two lowest unbid suits. Shape is at least 5-5 (5-4 after cue of minor) and strength is either weak (5-11 HCP) or strong (16+ HCP). With in-between hands (12-15 HCP) overcall in one suit and bid the other.
1 ![]() | 2 ![]() | P | ? | 621 |
2 ![]() 2 ![]() ![]() 2 N Cue 3 ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() ![]() | 6+ cards, NF preference game or ST, F asks for stopper 6+ cards, I weak, 4+ cards natural, NF weak or to make |
1 ![]() | 2 ![]() | P | ? | 622 |
3 ![]() 4 ![]() Other | 6+ cards, NF 6+ cards, I analogous to above |
1 ![]() | 2 ![]() | P | ? | 623 |
2 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 4 ![]() ![]() Other | preference pass or correct to 3 ![]() 6+ cards, NF 6+ cards, I analogous to above |
Note that only the cheapest club bid is pass or correct.
1 ![]() | 2 ![]() | P | ? | 624 |
3 ![]() Other | preference analogous to above |
1 ![]() | 2 N | P | ? | analogous for any suit opening | 625 |
3 ![]() ![]() Cue 3 ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() ![]() ![]() | preference asks for stopper 6+ cards, NF natural, NF weak or to make |
1 ![]() P | 2 ![]() ? | P | 2 N | analogous for 1 | 626 |
3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() | longer hearts longer spades worst, 5-5 not worst, 5-5, F |
1 ![]() P | 2 ![]() ? | P | 2 N | analogous for 1 | 627 |
3 ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() | worst, natural, NF not worst, clubs not worst, diamonds, F |
1 ![]() P | 2 N ? | P | 3 ![]() | analogous for any suit opening | 628 |
3 N Cheapest real Other | stopper (in cue) worst not worst |
If two-suited overcaller bids again when not forced or invited:
1 ![]() P | 2 ![]() ? | P | 2 ![]() | analogous for similar auctions | 629 |
Shown suit 2 N 3 N Cue Other suit | weak range, extra shape, I 16+ HCP, stopper 16+ HCP, splinter 16+ HCP, 3 cards |
1 ![]() P | 2 ![]() ? | 3 ![]() | P | analogous for similar auctions | 630 |
Dbl Other | 16+ HCP, optional analogous to above |
1 ![]() | 2 ![]() | X | ? | analogous for any two-suited overcall | 631 |
Pass Rdbl 3 ![]() Other | | no clear preference strong, creates force 6+ cards, NF unchanged |
1 ![]() | 2 ![]() | 3 ![]() | ? | analogous for cases with both our suits known | 632 |
Dbl Shown suit Other suit Cue Cue past 3 N Jump shown | penalty* competitive, NF 6+ cards, NF asks for stopper (below 3 N) control, ST I if below game |
*lead directing if cue of our suit
1 ![]() | 2 ![]() | 3 ![]() | ? | analogous for cases with only one major known | 633 |
Shown major Cheapest minor Other | competitive, NF competitive, pass or correct analogous to above |
After an enemy opening of 1 of a suit, a 3-level cue-bid as our sides first action shows a 1-suited hand (not suit bid) with 9+ playing tricks and at most 1 loser in the long suit. Typically this is to seek a stopper for 3 N. If overcaller bids 4 or 4
next, he confirms a splinter in the cue-bid suit, else start with double.
1 ![]() | 3 ![]() | P | ? | 641 |
3 ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() 4 ![]() 4 ![]() ![]() 4 N | | no ace, no stopper 6+ cards, F stopper 1 ace, no stopper 2 aces* 7+ cards, NF king stopper + 1 ace, NF |
1 ![]() | 3 ![]() | P | ? | 642 |
4 ![]() 4 ![]() 5 ![]() Other | | no ace, no stopper 1 ace, no stopper 2 aces* analogous to above |
1 ![]() | 3 ![]() | P | ? | analogous for 1 | 643 |
Cue Other | | 2 aces* analogous to above |
*Showing 2 aces overrides stopper showing, since suit game should be assured, and slam likely.
1 ![]() | 3 ![]() | X | ? | analogous for any opening | 644 |
Pass Rdbl Other* | no stopper, no values ace in that suit unchanged |
*except cheapest minor shows at least a king, else pass
1 ![]() | 3 ![]() | 3 ![]() | ? | analogous for any 3-level bid | 645 |
Pass Dbl 3 N 4 ![]() 4 ![]() Other | | weak penalty (trump stack) stopper in openers suit 1 ace, no stopper 2 aces unchanged |
1 ![]() | 3 ![]() | 4 ![]() | ? | analogous for any 4-level bid | 646 |
5 ![]() 5 ![]() Other | | 1 ace, no stopper 2 aces analogous to above |
If an enemy opening bid of 1 of a suit is passed:
1 ![]() | P | P | ? | analogous for all suit openings | 651 |
Dbl 1 ![]() ![]() 1 N 2 ![]() Cue Jump suit 2 N Jump cue 3 N | 11+, takeout 8-15, 5+ cards (rare 4) 11-15 (system on) 10-15, 5+ cards two-suited overcall 6+ strong cards, 1 trick less than bid 19-21 (system on) three-level cue overcall 16-21, based on long suit |
After a balancing double or nonjump suit bid, respond the same as to direct actions except increase all strength ranges by 2 points.
If opener competes further, responsive doubles do not apply.
1 ![]() P | P ? | P | 2 ![]() | analogous for all jump suit bids | 652 |
2 N 3 ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() Cue | natural, I natural, F asks for stopper |
After an enemy opening bid of 1 of a suit and an enemy response, most actions are the same as immediately over the suit opened, in which case responding structures would be the same too. The following differences apply.
1 ![]() | P | 1 ![]() | ? | analogous for any suit response of 1 | 661 |
2 ![]() 2 N 3 ![]() | 13-18, 5+ good hearts same as 2 ![]() same as 3 ![]() |
Respond to any of above with related structures.
1 ![]() | P | 2 ![]() | ? | analogous for any forcing response of 2 | 662 |
2 ![]() ![]() Other | 11+, 5+ good cards analogous to above |
1 ![]() | P | 2 ![]() | ? | analogous for any raise thru 3 | 663 |
Nonjump suit Jump 3 suit Jump 4 ![]() ![]() Cue 4 level | 11+, 5+ good cards 6+ cards, 8 tricks, I natural + lower unbid major highest + other |
An artificial response is literally ignored. The meaning of our actions is based on the strain it showed.
1 ![]() | P | 1 ![]() | ? | 1. spades | 664 |
Dbl 1 ![]() ![]() 2 ![]() 2 ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() | takeout of clubs and spades natural hearts + diamonds weak (rare) 3-level cue overcall weak |
After a takeout double with two enemy suits shown:
1 ![]() P | P ? | 1 ![]() | X | analogous for 1 | 665 |
Any club bid Other | natural unchanged |
Responsive doubles do not apply.
If two cue-bids are available, the one chosen shows a stopper.
After an enemy opening bid of 1 of a suit, the following structures (defined earlier) apply in full if the conditions are met.
1. Major suit game tries 2. Competitive doubles 3. Cooperative doubles | 671 |
If opponents have made at least two bids (but not all four suits) and we have not acted, our second-round or later double is:
Raised suit Natural suit 1 N direct 1 N passout | takeout thru 4 ![]() takeout thru 2 ![]() takeout takeout if both majors unbid | 672 |
Otherwise a second-round or later double is penalty (implying previous trap pass) or lead-directing.
Any action by a passed hand keeps its normal shape context, but strength is limited by failure to open.
Exception: Direct 1 N overcall shows the two lowest unbid suits (at least 5-4).
System Notes 7G01 Main | ![]() | Top Pavlicek System |
After an enemy 1 N opening bid, regardless of strength, a modified version of Astro is used.
1 N | ? | 691 |
Dbl 2 ![]() 2 ![]() 2 ![]() ![]() 2 N 3 ![]() ![]() Higher suit | | 16+ HCP, optional hearts + any other spades + any other 6+ cards both majors or both minors 6+ cards 6+ strong cards, 1 trick shy of bid |
All bids suggest 9-15 HCP, but this is flexible per shape and vulnerability.
Two-suiters imply at least 5-4 shape (either way) but may be 4-4-4-1 (three suits).
With both majors bid 2 with only 4 spades; 2
with 5+ spades and 4+ hearts; or 2 N with at least 5-5 and decent game prospects.
1 N | X | P | ? | 692 |
Pass Suit bid 2 N Jump suit | 5+ HCP or no 5+ card suit weak, 5+ cards any 2-suiter, F until raise or game 5-7 HCP, 6+ cards, I |
1 N | 2 ![]() | P | ? | 693 |
Pass 2 ![]() 2 ![]() 2 ![]() 2 N 3 ![]() ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() | 6+ clubs, misfit expected not 3 hearts 3+ hearts 6+ spades only force, game try 6+ cards, I 5-7 HCP, 4+ hearts, I |
1 N | 2 ![]() | P | ? | 694 |
2 ![]() 2 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() Other | not 3 spades 3+ spades 6+ clubs 6+ cards, I analogous to above |
1 N | 2 ![]() | any | ? | analogous for 2 | 695 |
Any call | weak two-bid structure |
1 N | 2 N | P | ? | 696 |
3 ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() ![]() 4 ![]() ![]() | | discouraging, assuming minors discouraging, assuming majors AF, asks definition and range* natural, I, assuming minors to play, assuming majors |
*lower real suit = minimum, higher = extras
If 2 N bidder has unassumed genre he must bid again; suit bids logical; 3 N (forcing) shows extras.
1 N P | 2 ![]() ? | P | 2 ![]() | 697 |
Pass 2 ![]() 2 ![]() 2 N 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() ![]() | | diamonds 5 hearts, 2nd suit black 3-4 spades, only 4 hearts, 4+ minor* both minors (3 suits) 5+ clubs 5+ diamonds, I 6+ cards, I |
*usually clubs but may be good 4=4=4=1
1 N P | 2 ![]() ? | P | 2 ![]() | 698 |
Pass 2 ![]() 2 N 3 ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() ![]() ![]() | | hearts 5 spades, either minor both minors (3 suits) 5+ cards 4 hearts, 5+ spades, I 6+ cards, I |
1 N P | 2 ![]() ? | P | 2 N | 699 |
3 ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() ![]() | | minimum, natural minimum, 4 spades extras, 3-4 spades extras, clubs or diamonds extras, natural, extreme shape |
1 N P | 2 ![]() ? | P | 2 N | 700 |
3 ![]() ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() ![]() | | minimum, natural extras, 4 hearts extras, clubs or diamonds extras, natural, extreme shape |
1 N P | 2 ![]() 2 ![]() | P P | 2 ![]() ? | 701 |
2 ![]() 2 N 3 ![]() ![]() | | 3+ spades, seeking other suit both minors, please choose 6+ cards, NF |
1 N P | 2 ![]() 2 ![]() | P P | 2 ![]() ? | 702 |
3 ![]() Other | 6+ cards, NF same as above |
If an enemy 1 N opening is followed by two passes, Astro structure still applies, but minimum strength is lowered.
1 N | P | P | ? | 703 |
Dbl All bids | 14+ HCP, optional 7-15 HCP |
1 N | 2 ![]() | X | ? | analogous for 2 | 704 |
Pass Relay Rdbl* Other | | willing to play if second suit unwilling to play minor doubled 5+ cards in relay suit unchanged |
*allows Astro bidder a rescue there with 2-3 cards
1 N P | 2 ![]() ? | X | P | 705 |
Rdbl Other | | 4315 shape (allows rescue to 2 ![]() logical |
1 N | 2 ![]() | 2 ![]() | ? | analogous for other bids | 706 |
Dbl 2 N Known suit Cheapest suit Other suit Cue Cue past 3 N Jump suit | penalty unchanged competitive pass or correct 6+ cards, NF asks for stopper (below 3 N) control, ST (known fit) 6+ cards, I below game |
1 N | 2 N | X | ? | 707 |
Pass Rdbl 3 suit Other | | weak (normal) at least 1 ace 1-suited rescue (misfit expected) unchanged |
1 N | 2 N | 3 ![]() | ? | analogous for other bids | 708 |
Dbl 3 suit Other | penalty (assumes opposite genre) competitive, NF, fit exists somewhere unchanged |
Astro also applies, direct or balancing, in the following situations provided no specific suit has been shown.
1. 2 N or 3 N opening 2. 1 N, 2 N or 3 N response to artificial opening 3. 1 N, 2 N or 3 N rebid after two artificial bids | 709 |
Cases 1 and 2 suggest great shape, few HCP. Case 3 shows full HCP from failure to act previously.
Note that bidding 3 N over 2 N, or 4 N over 3 N, still shows majors or minors, albeit unlikely.
2 N1 | ? | 1. both minors | 710 |
Dbl 3 ![]() 3 ![]() | strength-showing majors, weak or strong majors, in-between (12-15 HCP) |
The following agreements apply when an opponent opens with a natural, nonforcing suit bid from 2 thru 5
, regardless of the strength shown by opener.
2 ![]() | ? | analogous for 2 | 721 |
Dbl Unbid suit 2 N Cue 3 N* Jump cue 4 other minor Jump suit 4 N | | 13+, takeout 13-18, 6+ (good 5) cards 16-18 (system on) three-level cue overcall 15-20, usually based on long suit spades + other natural + hearts, NF natural, 1 trick shy of bid two lowest unbid |
*Responses to 3 N are natural (no transfers). Minor suits forcing; majors nonforcing. Cue-bid shows shortness in their suit with slam interest.
2 ![]() | ? | analogous for 2 | 722 |
4 ![]() ![]() Jump cue Other | | natural + unbid major, NF unbid major + minor same as above |
3 ![]() | ? | analogous for 3 | 723 |
Dbl Unbid suit 3 N Cue 4 ![]() ![]() 4 N Jump suit | | 14+, takeout 13-18, 6+ (good 5) cards 15-20, varied (natural responses) spades + other diamonds + hearts two lowest unbid natural, 1 trick shy of bid |
3 ![]() | ? | analogous for 3 | 724 |
Cue Other | other major + minor same as above |
4 ![]() | ? | analogous for 4 | 725 |
Dbl Cue Other | 15+, takeout spades + other, slam I same as above |
4 ![]() | ? | analogous for 4 | 726 |
Dbl Unbid suit 4 N over 4 ![]() 4 N over 4 ![]() Cue | | 15+, optional* 13-20, 6+ cards minors any 2-suiter; rarely 3-suiter with void highest unbid + another, slam I+ |
*Usually pull with 6+ suit (5+ spades) or 5-5.
2 ![]() | X | P | ? | analogous for all natural 2-bids | 727 |
2 ![]() 2 N 3 ![]() ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 N Jump cue | 0-8 Lebensohl; relay to 3 ![]() 9-11, I 12+, usually no stopper, GF 9-11, 5+ spades, I 10-15, confident stopper 12+, splinter, 3-suiter |
2 ![]() P | X 3 ![]() | P P | 2 N ? | analogous for all Lebensohl cases | 728 |
3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 ![]() 3 N 4 ![]() ![]() | 0-8, respective minor 4 spades, heart stopper, GF 9-11, 4 spades, I 10-15, tentative, not 4 spades shapely, I |
2 ![]() | 2 ![]() | P | ? | analogous for all overcalls thru 3 | 729 |
Unbid suit 2 N Cue Raise Cue past 3 N Jump suit Jump raise Jump cue | 8+, 5+ cards, F below game 8-10, natural 10+, general force (below 3 N) 8-10 below game; 8-15 if game 13+, fit + control self-playable, slam I 11-15 if game 13+, splinter raise |
If we act and openers partner bids:
2 ![]() | X | 3 ![]() | ? | analogous for all takeout doubles | 730 |
Dbl Unbid suit Other | penalty 6-9 below game; 6-15 if game unchanged |
2 ![]() | 2 ![]() | 3 ![]() | ? | analogous for all overcalls | 731 |
Dbl Other | penalty unchanged |
Responsive doubles do not apply after weak openings.
If we pass and openers partner bids:
2 ![]() | P | 3 ![]() | ? | analogous for similar auctions | 732 |
Any | as over opening bid* |
*except only cue is openers suit. Bidding responders suit is natural and may expose a psych.
2 ![]() | P | P | ? | analogous for higher suit openings | 733 |
Any | same but all ranges 2 points less |
For example, 2 N would show 14-16 instead of 16-18.
Responding structure is the same (including Lebensohl after double) with ranges upped by 2 points.
Over a strong (16+) artificial 1 , 1
, 2
or 2
opening, all initial actions show weak hands, typically 5-11 HCP.
1 ![]() | ? | 1. 16+, artificial | 741 |
Pass* Dbl 1 suit 1 N 2 ![]() 2 ![]() 2 ![]() ![]() 2 N 3+ suit | | unlimited clubs natural majors or minors hearts + any other spades + any other natural majors or minors natural |
*With a good hand, compete next round as if all artificial bids did not exist; e.g., 1 P 1
P; 1 N 2
is Astro.
With both majors follow Astro rules regarding shape.
Choice between 1 N and 2 N is simply a matter of safety vs. preemption.
After a 2 opening everything is the same but one level higher.
After a strong, artificial 1 or 2
, only change is that double = diamonds.
The same structure applies after a response to the forcing opening (thru 2 N) provided no specific suit has been shown; double shows the suit doubled, or both majors if the response is 1 N or 2 N.
If our bid shows a 2-suiter, follow the Astro structure for all responses and rebids.
Otherwise, all suit responses (including jumps) are natural and NF, usually weak. A response of 1 N or 2 N (cheapest available) is the only force, like an invitational cue-bid; 3 N is always NF to play.
If the enemy opening bid is artificial but shows one specified suit (transfer preempts, Namyats) the following agreements apply.
3 ![]() | ? | analogous for other openings | 751 |
Pass Dbl Other | unlimited 11+, takeout of real suit as if real suit were bid |
Pass and double can be further defined on the next round:
Pass then dbl Dbl then dbl | 15+, optional 15+, takeout | 752 |
If the enemy opening is 1 N, 2 N or 3 N, and the response is artificial showing one specified suit (Jacoby, minor-suit transfer, Texas) the following agreements apply.
1 N | P | 2 ![]() | ? | analogous for other responses | 753 |
Pass Dbl Cue 2 level Nonjump suit Cue 3 level Jump 3 suit Jump 4 ![]() ![]() Cue 4 level | unlimited lead-directing two-suited overcall 11+, 5+ good cards three-level cue overcall 6+ cards, 8 tricks, I natural + lower unshown major highest unshown + other |
Pass and double can be further defined on the next round:
Pass then dbl Dbl then dbl | takeout thru 4 ![]() takeout thru 4 ![]() | 754 |
Applies to opening two-bids that do not show 5+ cards in the suit bid nor a specific one-suited hand. Current list includes:
1. Flannery 2 ![]() 2. Roman 2 ![]() ![]() 3. Precision 2 ![]() ![]() 4. Meckwell 2 ![]() 5. Meckwell 2 ![]() 6. Multi 2 ![]() | 761 |
Note that Flannery 2 (not included) would be treated as a natural two-bid.
2 ![]() | ? | analogous for all such 2-bids | 762 |
Dbl Cue 2 level Cue 3 level Cue 4 level Suit 2 N Jump suit 3 N | 15+ HCP, nondescript two-suited overcall three-level cue overcall highest + other 13-18, 6+ (good 5) cards 15-18, usually 5+ minor (system on) 6+ strong cards, 1 trick shy of bid 15-20, usually long suit (natural responses) |
Suit is a cue-bid only if opener showed 5+ cards in it, which for the current list would be only hearts for Flannery.
Pass followed by a double of a natural suit is takeout thru 4 .
2 ![]() | P | 2 N | ? | analogous for all such 2-bids | 763 |
Any | same as above |
2 ![]() | P | 2 ![]() | ? | analogous for any NF suit response | 764 |
Dbl Other | takeout thru 4 ![]() same as above |
Doubles of artificial suit bids are lead-directing unless otherwise defined or one of the exceptions below. Double by an unpassed hand of:
1. 2 ![]() 2. Artificial response (thru 3 ![]() 3. Splinter bid as our first action shows length and suggests sacrifice | 771 |
*defined as 15 HCP maximum
Unless otherwise defined, the double of a notrump bid by non-leader is penalty and requests, in order of priority:
1. Leaders suit if both of us have shown suits 2. Dummys shown suit unless leader has strong safe lead 3. Leaders shown suit 4. Doublers shown suit 5. Leaders weaker major | 772 |
Double of a voluntarily bid suit slam by non-leader requests, in order of priority:
1. Side suit shown by the opponents 2. Leaders longest suit not bid by our side | 773 |
Applies if an opponent is the first to run after our strength-showing double in the following situations:
1. Double of any notrump bid where Astro applies 2. Double of 2 ![]() 3. Double of junkyard two-bid or 2 N response to same 4. Double of unusual 2 N opening | 781 |
1 N | X | 2 ![]() | ? | analogous for any runout | 782 |
Pass Double Suit Jump suit Cue | weak or 3+ cards in runout takeout of runout, usually doubleton 5+ cards, NF 6+ cards, I shortness in runout |
Runout is defined as the actual suit bid, unless it showed another specified suit and not 4 cards in the bid suit, then the specified suit.
1 N P | X ? | 2 ![]() | P | analogous for any runout | 783 |
Pass Other | 3+ cards in runout* same as above |
*inferring weakness from partners pass
1 N 2 ![]() | X ? | P | P | analogous for any runout | 784 |
Pass Other | 3+ cards in runout same as above |
1 N 2 ![]() | X P | P P | P ? | analogous for any runout | 785 |
Pass Other | weak same as above |
The runout defense applies thru 4 and after multiple runouts, provided we have only passed after the first runout and not passed the same suit twice. In other words, if we bid, double for takeout, or one of us meets a suit he passed at a lower level, all doubles are penalty.
System Notes 7G01 Main | ![]() | Top Pavlicek System |
Most slam auctions begin with suit agreement, which can occur in four ways, all agreeing the suit bid or the last shown suit:
1. Raise, including artificial fit-showing bids 2. Preference, even if not ensuring an 8+ fit 3. Splinter bid, including self-splinters* 4. Advance control-bid | 801 |
*but excluding pattern splinters to show a 3-suiter or the remaining shape of a 2-suiter
After suit agreement in a strong auction (game tries nonexistent) our next bid has the following meaning:
Notrump Shown suit Enemy suit Unshown suit | natural (except 4 N if Blackwood) natural ace or shortness control-showing* | 802 |
*except after a preference that did not show normal support, then natural; e.g., 1 1 N; 3
3
; 4
= 3-4 clubs, and 5
or 6
is a potential contract.
Note that two suits can be agreed, but if it happens thats the limit; a bid in either remaining suit is control-showing.
A control-showing auction can be started only after suit agreement. Typically this requires about an ace better than a minimum GF, or suitable values if suit agreement was issued by a splinter or advance control-bid.
Once a control-showing auction is started, bids have the following meanings:
Notrump* Agreed suit Other suit | natural, discouraging natural, discouraging control-bid (even if shown by our side) | 803 |
*excluding 4 N if Blackwood and 5 N
A control-bid below game does not require extra strength (just suitable values).
Bypassing a suit does not deny that control, i.e., it may be planned to save bidding space at next turn.
A control-bid beyond 5 of the highest agreed suit confirms all suits are controlled and that a grand slam is possible.
Guidelines for the meaning of the first control-bid in a particular suit:
Unshown of 3 Unshown of 2 Only unshown Enemy shown Splinter suit Partners shown Your shown | ace or king, 4+ cards (rare 3) ace or king* or shortness ace or shortness ace or shortness ace or void ace or king ace | 804 |
*With ace in one suit and king in the other, prefer to show the king below game.
Modification: If beyond the game level of the highest agreed suit, a control-bid shows first-round control.
A second control-bid in the same suit, or a redouble of doubled control-bid, shows:
1. Ace or void if prior bid could be shortness 2. Ace or king if prior bid showed ace or king 3. King or shortness if prior bid showed ace | 805 |
A bid of 4 is Gerber only as an immediate response to 1 N or 2 N when system on applies. This holds with or without interference; so if it is possible to respond 4
, it is Gerber.
Gerber does not apply after Stayman, notrump rebids, or anywhere else.
Answers to Gerber:
4 ![]() 4 ![]() 4 ![]() 4 N | 0 or 4 aces 1 ace 2 aces 3 aces | 811 |
Continuations by Gerber bidder:
5 ![]() Other | asks for kings*, confirms all 4 aces sign-off | 812 |
*Answer as above but 1 level higher.
If Gerber 4 is doubled:
Pass* Other | no club control as usual with club control | 813 |
*Asker may redouble to re-ask for aces.
DOPI if an opponent bids below 5 N:
Dbl Pass Cheapest bid Next bid | 0 or 4 aces 1 ace 2 aces 3 aces | 814 |
DEPO if an opponent bids 5 N or beyond:
Dbl Pass | 0, 2 or 4 aces 1 or 3 aces | 815 |
Four notrump is natural if no major suit is agreed and we have bid notrump naturally. The following notrump bids are not considered natural:
1. Forcing 1 N response to a major opening 2. Responders 2 N rebid after openers reverse bid 3. Responders 2 N waiting after a 2 ![]() | 821 |
1 ![]() 3 ![]() | P P | 2 N 4 N | P | natural | 822 |
Despite both majors bid, neither is agreed.
1 N 2 ![]() 4 ![]() | P P P | 2 ![]() 3 ![]() 4 N | P P | natural | 823 |
Four notrump is takeout if partner has not acted, or if all of the following are true:
1. You have not previously acted 2. Partner has bid or doubled at cheapest available level 3. Last bid is 4 ![]() ![]() 4. At least two unbid suits exist not counting spades | 824 |
1 ![]() | 4 ![]() | 4 N | takeout | 825 |
But if opponent bid 4 , it would be Blackwood.
1 ![]() | 1 ![]() | 4 ![]() | 4 N | takeout | 826 |
But if partner bid 2 , it would be Blackwood.
If 4 N does not meet either of the natural or takeout conditions, it is Blackwood.
When 4 N is Blackwood there is always one key suit, determined by this priority:
1. Agreed suit, higher if two 2. Last shown suit, higher if simultaneous 3. Highest implied suit | 831 |
1 ![]() | 2 N | P | 4 N | diamonds key (higher of simultaneous) | 832 |
1 ![]() | X | 3 ![]() | 4 N | hearts key (highest implied) | 833 |
Standard Roman key-card steps:
5 ![]() 5 ![]() 5 ![]() 5 ![]() | 0 or 3 key cards 1 or 4 key cards 2 or 5 key cards 2 or 5 key cards, QOEL | 834 |
*Eliminate if key suit is hearts to allow Blackwood use with 1 key card.
Blackwood bidder may next sign off in 5 of any agreed suit (or shown suit if key suit was inferred without an explicit raise), any shown suit beyond 5 of agreed suit, or 6 N. Exception: If Blackwood responder has 4 or 5 key cards, there are no sign-offs at the 5 level.
Non-sign-off bids by Blackwood bidder:
Cheapest suit Other suit 5 N | QOEL ask relay to play 5 N (rare) king ask, confirms 5 key cards + QOEL | 835 |
Responses to QOEL ask:
Key suit Other suit 5 N | denies QOEL QOEL, that king QOEL, asking suit king* | 836 |
*or no king if key suit sign-off is at 6 level
Responses to 5 N specific king ask:
Key suit Other suit 6 N 7 any | no king that king two kings, doubts about seven natural, source of tricks, NF | 837 |
Continuations after QOEL or 5 N ask:
Unshown suit Other | grand ST, nonspecific sign-off | 838 |
A void may be shown (optional) over Blackwood:
5 N 6 of suit* | 2 key cards + void 1 or 3 key cards + void | 839 |
*Below key suit shows void unless obvious (e.g., from splinter) then a specific king. Key suit means void (or king) is higher ranking.
After 5 N, asker may continue with 6 (if not key suit) to inquire similarly.
Five of a suit is exclusion Blackwood if and only if:
1. Jump bid that is a splinter by system agreement 2. Repeat splinter by player who previously splintered | 840 |
Normal step responses but do not count the splinter ace.
Note that 4 N is never exclusion Blackwood now, even by a player who just previously splintered.
If an opponent doubles 4 N:
Rdbl Pass Other | 0 or 3 key cards, desire to play 4 N 1 or 4 key cards, desire to play 4 N unchanged | 841 |
DOPI if an opponent bids below 6 of key suit:
Dbl Pass Cheapest bid Next bid* | 0 or 3 key cards 1 or 4 key cards 2 or 5 key cards 2 or 5 key cards, QOEL | 842 |
*Eliminate if cheapest bid is key suit.
DEPO if an opponent bids 6 of key suit or beyond:
Dbl Pass | 0, 2 or 4 key cards 1, 3 or 5 key cards | 843 |
Super Gerber is a way to ask for key cards with 4 or 4
when 4 N would be inconvenient or natural.
Four of the highest unshown major is super Gerber if all of the following are true:
1. We opened 1 ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() 2. We did not make a weak jump shift response 3. No opponent has bid (double is not a bid) 4. We have shown at least one minor suit 5. We have not raised or agreed a major suit | 851 |
1 ![]() 4 ![]() | P | 3 N | P | super Gerber | 852 |
Note the rule prevails over possible natural interpretation.
Corollary: When super Gerber applies, 4 N is natural.
1 ![]() 3 ![]() | P P | 2 ![]() 4 N | P | quantitative slam invitation | 853 |
Shown suits are generally obvious, but some gray areas exist. The following are considered to be shown suits:
1. Value jump after 1 N forcing response 2. Openers rebid after inverted minor raise 3. Openers major rebid after minor-suit Stayman 4. Fit-implying rebid by notrump bidder unless the only unbid major | 854 |
1 ![]() 2 ![]() 3 N | P P P | 2 ![]() 3 ![]() 4 ![]() | P P | super Gerber | 855 |
Super Gerber always has a key minor suit:
1. Agreed minor, diamonds if both 2. Last shown minor | 856 |
Standard Roman key-card steps:
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4* | 0 or 3 key cards 1 or 4 key cards 2 or 5 key cards 2 or 5 key cards, QOEL | 857 |
*Eliminate if 3rd step is key suit.
Super Gerber bidder may then sign off in 4 N, 6 N, or 5-7 of any shown suit.
Continuations by super Gerber bidder:
Asking major Unshown suit* 5 N | king ask, confirms 5 KC + QOEL QOEL ask choice of slam, F | 858 |
*If responder holds 4 or 5 key cards, this can be an agreed or shown suit, since asker could not wish to sign off.
Responses to QOEL ask:
Key suit 5 N Other suit | denies QOEL QOEL, no king or option not to show* QOEL, that king | 859 |
*Showing a king beyond 6 of key suit is discretionary.
Responses to specific king ask:
Key suit 5 N Other suit 6 N 7 any | no king king in asking major that king two kings, doubts about seven natural, source of tricks, NF | 860 |
Continuations after QOEL or specific king ask:
Unshown suit* Other | grand ST, nonspecific sign-off | 861 |
*If beyond 6 of key suit, rejection is 6 N.
If super Gerber is doubled:
Pass* Other | no control in major doubled as usual with control in major doubled | 862 |
*Asker may redouble to re-ask for key cards.
DOPI if an opponent bids below 6 of key suit:
Dbl Pass Cheapest bid Next bid* | 0 or 3 key cards 1 or 4 key cards 2 or 5 key cards 2 or 5 key cards, QOEL | 863 |
*Eliminate if cheapest bid is key suit.
DEPO if an opponent bids 6 of key suit or beyond:
Dbl Pass | 0, 2 or 4 key cards 1, 3 or 5 key cards | 864 |
A bid of 4 (or 4
if partner bid clubs) is a trump ask in the following situations:
1. Response to weak two-bid 2. Rebid by 2 N responder to weak two-bid 3. Response 3 of suit or 4 ![]() | 871 |
Exception: If RHO doubles or bids over partners last bid, trump ask must be a jump (else natural).
2 ![]() | P | 4 ![]() | trump ask | 872 |
2 ![]() 3 ![]() | P P | 2 N 4 ![]() | P | trump ask | 873 |
3 ![]() | P | 4 ![]() | trump ask | 874 |
1 ![]() | 3 ![]() | 3 ![]() | 4 ![]() | natural | 875 |
Responses are by steps, skipping over the trump suit:
Trump suit Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 | worst ace or king A-Q or K-Q A-K A-K-Q | 876 |
Continuations by asker:
4 N Other | Blackwood (regular key-card) sign-off | 877 |
3 ![]() ? | P | 4 ![]() | X | analogous for double of any trump ask | 878 |
Pass Rdbl Other | ace or king, terrible hand ace or king, splinter in suit doubled unchanged |
3 ![]() ? | P | 4 ![]() | 4 ![]() | analogous for any bid over any trump ask | 879 |
Dbl Pass Cheapest bid Next bid Next | worst ace or king A-Q or K-Q A-K A-K-Q |
This is DOPI with all bids counted as steps.
A voluntary bid of 5 in a major invites slam:
1. If we have not made a weak bid, or 2. If we are at 4 ![]() ![]() 3. On the second round of bidding or later | 881 |
1 ![]() | 4 ![]() | 5 ![]() | slam I | 882 |
4 ![]() | P | 5 ![]() | slam I | 883 |
Note that 5 would be blocking if opening were 2
or 3
, or if next hand bid or doubled.
A jump to 5 in a minor invites slam if a bid of 4 would be natural and forcing.
1 ![]() 3 ![]() | P P | 2 ![]() 5 ![]() | P | slam I | 884 |
The slam invitation asks for one of the following, in order of priority:
1. Unshown suit control if we have shown 3 suits 2. Enemy suit control if not already shown 3. Good trumps relative to the bidding | 885 |
If the bid asks for control:
Pass 5 N Trump suit Other suit | no control guarded king control, usually singleton control-bid, ace or void in asked suit | 886 |
If the bid asks for good trumps:
Pass Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Trump suit | poor trumps ace or king A-Q or K-Q A-K A-K-Q accept, no interest in 7 | 887 |
Note steps are identical to the trump asking bid.
Five notrump, when not part of another convention such as Blackwood, can have one of four meanings: takeout, invitation to 7 N, trump ask (GSF) or pick a slam. In all cases it is forcing.
Five notrump is for takeout, asking lower suits first:
1. If partner has not acted, or 2. If a nonjump on the first round of bidding | 891 |
3 ![]() | 3 ![]() | 5 ![]() | 5 N | takeout for minors | 892 |
Five notrump invites 7 N if we have shown a balanced hand and no specific suit has been shown.
2 ![]() 2 ![]() 2 N | P P P | 2 ![]() 2 ![]() 5 N | P P | 7 N invitation | 893 |
Opener may bid 6 of a suit (forcing) to suggest 7 in that suit. Bidding cannot end below 6 N.
Five notrump is a trump ask:
1. If a major (and no other) suit is agreed, or 2. If our only shown suit is a major by partner* | 894 |
*excluding the first-round nonjump takeout case
Responses are by steps (same as trump asking bid):
Step 1 Step 2 Trump suit Step 3 Step 4 | ace or king A-Q or K-Q worst A-K A-K-Q | 895 |
In all other cases, 5 N asks partner to choose a slam:
1. Between two previously shown suits, or 2. Between one previously shown suit and 6 N | 896 |
A response of 5 or 5
(or 5
to 4
) is a control ask, provided RHO passes over partners:
1. Opening bid of 4 ![]() ![]() 2. Double or triple-jump overcall of 4 ![]() ![]() | 901 |
4 ![]() | P | 5 ![]() | control ask | 902 |
1 ![]() | 4 ![]() | P | 5 ![]() | control ask | 903 |
Responses are by steps, skipping over the trump suit:
Trump suit Step 1 Step 2 | no control king or singleton ace or void | 904 |
Continuations by asker:
5 N Other | trump ask sign-off | 905 |
4 ![]() ? | P | 5 ![]() | X | analogous for double of any control ask | 906 |
Pass Rdbl Other | king or singleton, terrible hand king or singleton, excellent trumps unchanged |
4 ![]() ? | P | 5 ![]() | 5 ![]() | analogous for any bid over any control ask | 907 |
Dbl Pass Bid | no control king or singleton ace or void |
Another implementation of DOPI.
System Notes 7G01 Main | ![]() | Top Pavlicek System |
Honor leads:
A K Q 10 x, A K J 10 x, A K J x x x (or better) A K Q x, A K J x, A K 10 x, K Q J x, K Q 10 x K Q 10 9 x, A Q J x, Q J 10 x, Q J 9 x A J 10 x, K J 10 x, J 10 9 x, J 10 8 x A Q 10 9, A 10 9, K 10 9, Q 10 9, 10 9 8 x, 10 9 7 x Doubleton or tripleton A K, K Q, Q J, J 10, 10 9 | 921 |
Spot leads:
A J x x x, K 9 8 7 x, Q J x x, J 10 x x, etc. x x x x (optional depending on hand) A x x, K x x, Q x x, J x x, 10 x x 9 x x* (or weaker), x x (any doubleton) | 922 |
*Lead low if partner showed 5+ cards (including suspect third/fourth major openings) and you have not raised.
Honor leads:
A K x* (thru 4 ![]() ![]() Q J 10 x, Q J 9 x, K J 10 x, J 10 9 x, J 10 8 x K 10 9, Q 10 9, 10 9 8 x, 10 9 7 x Doubleton or tripleton A K, K Q, Q J, J 10, 10 9 | 931 |
*except in partners suit always lead king from A-K
Spot leads (3+ cards):
Lowest from odd lengths Second* or third from even lengths | 932 |
*If affordable, which is always presumed true in partners shown suit. For blind leads from four cards, lead second if you have a touching card (J 9 8 2, 8 7 4 2) or if the six or lower (Q 6 4 2); else prefer third (Q 7 4 2).
The purpose of second-best is to allow suit preference on the next round.
Second honor lead in the same suit:
Short holding 4+ cards | top card* bottom of sequence | 941 |
*warns partner not to overtake or unblock
Second lead in the same suit, spot card:
Odd residue Even residue | lowest highest affordable | 942 |
Exception: At notrump lead original fourth best if there could be any ambiguity.
Honor leads in another suit:
Ace King Queen Jack Ten Nine | denies king unchanged unchanged J 10 (denies higher) A J 10, K J 10, A 10 9, K 10 9, Q 10 9 10 9 (except doubleton) | 943 |
Exceptions occur for technical necessity, such as from K-J-9 thru dummys Q-x-x.
Note that a 10 lead promises a top honor unless doubleton.
Spot leads in another suit at notrump:
Fourth best High or second | encourages return of suit discourages return of suit | 944 |
From 9-x-x with the 10 not in view, lead middle to avoid confusion with showing the 10.
Spot leads in another suit at suit contracts are unchanged (low from odd, second or third from even) regardless of strength.
Exception: Do not lead a nine (e.g., K-J-9-x) if it could be confused with showing 10-9-x-(x).
Honor signals (following suit or discarding) are standard showing strength:
Ace (discard) King Queen Jack Ten | solid suit solid except ace A Q J, Q J (usually 10 too) A J 10, K J 10, J 10* A Q 10, A 10 9, K 10 9, Q 10 9, 10 9* | 951 |
*ambiguous so avoid if partner would expect better
When splitting honors as second hand, play as above if intention is to inform partner.
Exception: Second-hand hop with a king shows nothing in particular (just like winning an ace) because it may be necessary to gain the lead.
General strategy against all contracts is to show count, both in following suit and discarding, regardless of who led the suit. Tend to discard first from the suit(s) you do not want led; hence partner can infer positive attitude from a suit not discarded, or discarded last.
Standard count signals:
3, 5, 7 cards 4 or 8 cards 2 or 6 cards | lowest second highest (if affordable) highest affordable | 961 |
The distinct plays from even lengths can be helpful, e.g., if partner sees the highest outstanding card he knows you have a doubleton or 6.
Tens and jacks may also be count signals, provided the play is safe and wont be confused with strength-showing.
Queens and higher are never count signals.
Notrump opening leads with special requests:
Ace King Queen Jack | unblock K, Q or J, else count attitude unblock jack, hop ace, else attitude unblock 10, hop ace or king, else count | 962 |
Regardless of the lead at notrump, if dummy wins a blank ace, king or queen, signal attitude.
Other leads with special requests:
Ace not A-K* | attitude | 963 |
*Beyond 4 , after trick one, or with king in dummy
If count is not shown on the first round of a suit, either because an honor had to be played, or because another signal had priority, count is shown on the second round:
Odd residue Even residue | lowest highest affordable | 964 |
Note that an odd residue indicates an original even number of cards, and vice versa.
Suit preference is routinely shown after count with the next play. Assume the underlined card was played first:
6 4 2 10 6 4 3 Q 9 7 5 2 9 8 7 6 3 2 | 6 shows high SP, 4 shows low 4 shows high SP, 3 shows low 9 shows high SP, 5 shows low 8 shows high SP, 2 shows low | 971 |
Suit preference may be negligible, since you must go one way or the other with 3-4 cards. Neutral possibilities exist with 5+ cards, but readability is doubtful, so general strategy should be to choose.
Suit preference applies immediately on the suit led in the following cases:
1. Opening lead is partners shown 5+ card suit* 2. Opening lead is dummys singleton at suit bid and leader wins trick 3. Ace lead at suit bid with K-x, K-Q-x (or longer) in dummy and third hand marked with 3+ cards 4. Opening lead is an obvious singleton and third hand has a choice of plays 5. Leading or following to suit partner is expected to ruff 6. Removing declarers last stopper at notrump 7. Choice of insignificant cards in a suit declarer is out of (or will be on current trick) | 972 |
*Suit preference is strong if leader wins the trick, i.e., an immediate shift is usually desired.
A jack is defined as low suit preference if leader could have the queen and need to force second hand to cover.
In the above seven cases a middle card shows no preference but may have other implications:
Case 1 Case 2-3 Case 4-5 Case 6-7 | Continue my suit Continue suit led or shift to trumps My entry may be in trumps No preference or nondisclosure | 973 |
The only trump signal is the traditional echo (or non-echo) to show the number of trumps held. This is routine and does not imply the ability to ruff.
2 or 4 trumps 3 or 5 trumps | up-the-line high-low (if affordable) | 981 |
Exception: Do not high-low with A-x-x or K-x-x.
When echoing from equal trumps, play the higher card first. This may reveal to partner whether your trump holding is promotable.
System Notes 7G01 Main | ![]() | Top Pavlicek System |
© 2019 Richard Pavlicek